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out of nasa's ames research center where

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we talk about all the nerdy nasa news

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you need to know about so today i have

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with me my friend and office mate

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tiffany hey hi everyone i am your

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co-host tiffany blake if you didn't know

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we are live on twitch youtube facebook

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and periscope uh but if you want to

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participate in the chat and ask our

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guests some questions there's only one

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place you can do that and that is at

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nasa right and we are excited today to

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be holding our second annual nasa themed

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halloween costume and cosplay contest

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yes i'm excited i'm excited uh if you're

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a nasa fan looking for a last minute

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halloween outfit you're in luck

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we are going to show you a collection of

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nasa inspired costumes and tell you how

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you can recreate them at home right and

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if you do end up using any of our space

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themed costumes for halloween or some

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other nasa inspired costume we want to

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see it so you can share those with us on

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social media using the hashtag nasa

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costume

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yeah so before we start abby how about

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we remind the people about our cool

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clock oh okay yes so this is our moon

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countdown clock that you see right here

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and that is because five years from now

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in 2024 we are planning to send humans

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to the moon as part of our artemis

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program

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so this clock right here is counting

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down the days hours minutes and seconds

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until

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the next man and the first woman will

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set foot on the south pole of the moon

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so to learn more about that you can go

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to nasa.gov

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artemis

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so

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should we get right into it yeah should

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we see some cards

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yes okay so our first category is

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everyday nasa looks so the the outfits

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you're going to see are things that our

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researchers and engineers wear

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day-to-day doing their work doing

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special tests you'll see them around the

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center wearing these things

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so let's bring out our first guest

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hey now

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oh yeah

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come on up here

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excellent we'll give you a minute to

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get your tools set there

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get all tucked in

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and you might have to take off your gas

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mask there yeah

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welcome so why don't you start by

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introducing yourself to the audience and

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tell us what you do good so my name is

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um dr mary beth wilhelm and i'm a

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research scientist here at nasa and i'm

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an astrobiologist which means i study

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the

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solar system

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so tell us about what you're wearing all

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is what i wear when i'm collecting

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samples in a mars analog environment on

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earth so

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because mars is so far away and it's so

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expensive to get there we often go to

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places on earth that are like mars so we

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can study certain things about it

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and

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them what kind of environments on earth

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are actually like mars like what are you

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looking for there

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right so um

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right now i'm studying this place called

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the atacama desert in chile

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and it's one of the driest places in the

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world it only rains in the region that i

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visit

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once per decade that's absurd wow it's

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crazy dry like i can count the number of

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plants that i saw on one hand during our

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field trip that's so strange and because

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of that it has some of the lowest levels

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of biomass on the entire planet so

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there's very very few living organisms

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there

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and

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us humans are very dirty yeah

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and that's why i'm wearing the suit

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because when i'm taking samples i don't

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want to contaminate the samples i'm

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working with right right with your own

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skin cells and whatever by exactly

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falling off yeah we have a photo don't

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we i think so yeah mary beth in the

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atacama all right tell us what we're

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seeing here right so this is uh me

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taking a sample um from one of the

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driest places on the planet and here i'm

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trying to study the extreme limits of

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life and then trying to understand um

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whether any remnants of life get

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preserved in the fossil record oh wow so

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you're talking about life like bacteria

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and things like that yeah exactly

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microscopic life okay so um we're

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looking for the chemical evidence of

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life that gets preserved in the rock

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record and um specifically i'm studying

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a type of molecule called lipid a lipid

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so fats which we love to eat obviously

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yes

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and the cool thing about lipids is that

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they're extremely well preserved in the

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fossil record so if you look back at the

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very oldest rocks on earth and you're

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looking for evidence of life you can

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still find some of the lipid molecules

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from those organisms that lived in those

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environments the first life on earth

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yeah you can find traces of it

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still around fascinating and so like um

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when we're thinking about um what we

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want to look for on mars we want to try

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to target these types of molecules they

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can live for that can stick around for

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really long periods of time because mars

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um used to have really nice conditions

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for life but like three billion years

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ago oh okay okay he used to have a

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thicker atmosphere and yeah liquid water

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on the surface and so we have to look

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for the remainder of what might have

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lived on mars right right if there were

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any little microbes right exactly what

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parts of them would survive that long

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that's what you're looking for yeah how

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do you use your tools here yeah okay so

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like um i'm kind of a cool

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hybrid scientist so i do a mix of

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geology and biochemistry so i have my

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handy rock hammer

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so i can break open the rocks and then

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for the really

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tricky samples we have a this is a drill

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string so you can see like i have some

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of the atacama still stuck on that yeah

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i see the red dust on there i've

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destroyed a few of these in my career

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and then once we get the stuff out of

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the rock we'll put it in our sample jar

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out in the desert

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soil samples and you get it in the

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bottle there and i actually have a few

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samples from our last house

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she brought samples from the atacama

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these are some really cool samples that

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i collected wow from an ancient salt

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flat so this is a probably about uh a

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few million years old and you can see

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some of that black stuff in there those

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are some of the remnants of the life

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that lived

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in the body of water that formed this

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wow this is salt yeah this is almost

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pure salt yeah wow yeah so this took a

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couple drills to get out

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yeah

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so what do you guys do with the samples

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when you bring them back to the lab

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right yeah so we take back

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all the samples we're interested in and

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then i take them to my biochemistry lab

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here at nasa and um

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we dissolve the rock and we pull out all

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of the chemicals and then we study them

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with uh analytical instruments that tell

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us um

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a lot about the sample like what it who

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it is what it might have eaten like

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those things really that's information

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so we'll spend years studying a

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particular site and i did my whole phd

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in the atacama

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so i've worn these suits for a long time

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yeah you're very familiar with this

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outfit it doesn't bother you much huh oh

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gosh i think he you learned to love the

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heat i guess yeah yeah yeah like a few

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years ago when we went like the ground

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temperatures were like well over 100

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degrees so you know

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so i don't i don't think it's ever been

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uh

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ever been seen before maybe

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maybe a long time ago there may have

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been i'd have to look back at the

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literature but right now no like mars is

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one big giant desert and actually for

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comparison the atacama is a thousand

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times wetter

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than

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okay so the driest place on earth dries

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place on a thousand times the wetter

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than it's a thousand times wetter so

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it's like comparing the driest place on

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earth to the amazon that's the delta so

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mars is extremely dry wow wow yeah but

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but it's the best place you can practice

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on earth right it's a really good place

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to practice okay

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okay let me get through some more

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there's probably five in line for you

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here so speed racer 216. what material

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is the suit made of and does it keep

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cool

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and um they're special clean suits so

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like when you buy them there's uh very

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few microbes on it and it keeps all of

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your uh microbes on the inside and

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humans actually will um emit about a

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million particles per hour and that's

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like after showering really yeah exactly

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we're just shedding we're just shedding

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stuff we're shedding bacteria and

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organic molecules all the time so you

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can imagine if you're studying a sample

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that has maybe only a few hundred cells

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that a million cells is going to be like

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totally overwhelming

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you don't want to take that back to your

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lab and then analyze yourself like that

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right yeah

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okay

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uh let's see if you can give us a number

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for this balasparkle asks is there a

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percentage of how much less microscopic

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life there is in that desert compared to

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an average environment yeah so in an

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average environment like if you took

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like um

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the same amount of sea water you'd

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probably find about a million bacteria

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and compare that to the driest place in

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the atacama where you only find about a

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hundred so it's like

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significant that's ridiculous wow yeah

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we uh have a

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question here from z track uh how did

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you get a degree in this how did you

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what was your journey to become

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a scientist yes scientist

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i've loved geology since i was in first

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grade

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and i loved space two and um i actually

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got an internship here when i was in

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high school and then um i went to

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college and i studied geology and

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planetary science and then i went on to

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get my phd in earth and atmospheric

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sciences with a focus on biochemistry oh

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wow yeah but i think a lot about being a

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student is about being self-motivated

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and coming up with a set of questions

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that you're really interested in

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answering and then learning whatever you

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need to learn to pursue those questions

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whether that's geology or physics or

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00:10:12,630 --> 00:10:11,120
chemistry or biology or even english and

279
00:10:15,110 --> 00:10:12,640
gosh i'll tell you being at nasa a lot

280
00:10:17,590 --> 00:10:15,120
of what i do is writing yes it's true

281
00:10:19,269 --> 00:10:17,600
isn't it yeah yeah yeah so there's no

282
00:10:20,470 --> 00:10:19,279
one right path it's

283
00:10:22,150 --> 00:10:20,480
follow what you want to do and do

284
00:10:23,990 --> 00:10:22,160
whatever you need to do right yeah

285
00:10:26,630 --> 00:10:24,000
exactly um

286
00:10:28,949 --> 00:10:26,640
let's take a couple quick ones andy mann

287
00:10:30,790 --> 00:10:28,959
says working at nasa is awesome

288
00:10:32,630 --> 00:10:30,800
it certainly sounds it if you're mary

289
00:10:34,150 --> 00:10:32,640
beth

290
00:10:36,710 --> 00:10:34,160
um

291
00:10:39,750 --> 00:10:36,720
ian is a d-bag so she's wearing her work

292
00:10:41,670 --> 00:10:39,760
outfit is his question so to clarify yes

293
00:10:43,110 --> 00:10:41,680
indeed you do work in this yeah so this

294
00:10:45,110 --> 00:10:43,120
is what i wear when i'm

295
00:10:47,030 --> 00:10:45,120
doing field work in the atacama but

296
00:10:49,670 --> 00:10:47,040
actually i did do some work once in this

297
00:10:51,110 --> 00:10:49,680
um ancient dna laboratory where people

298
00:10:52,790 --> 00:10:51,120
have to wear suits like this probably

299
00:10:54,069 --> 00:10:52,800
even more restrictive with complete

300
00:10:55,350 --> 00:10:54,079
coveralls

301
00:10:57,269 --> 00:10:55,360
every day while they're doing

302
00:10:59,509 --> 00:10:57,279
extractions from really precious samples

303
00:11:01,910 --> 00:10:59,519
they don't want to contaminate okay yeah

304
00:11:04,069 --> 00:11:01,920
all right so yes this is mary beth's

305
00:11:06,470 --> 00:11:04,079
real work outfit but if you want this to

306
00:11:08,470 --> 00:11:06,480
be your halloween costume

307
00:11:10,389 --> 00:11:08,480
can you help us figure out some ways we

308
00:11:11,829 --> 00:11:10,399
could recreate this look absolutely i

309
00:11:13,269 --> 00:11:11,839
think it's going to take a good trip to

310
00:11:15,430 --> 00:11:13,279
the hardware store

311
00:11:17,590 --> 00:11:15,440
you gotta get some drill bits yeah right

312
00:11:18,949 --> 00:11:17,600
coveralls yeah a lot of what i buy is

313
00:11:21,190 --> 00:11:18,959
actually from the hardware store really

314
00:11:23,430 --> 00:11:21,200
yeah yeah it makes sense yeah it's all

315
00:11:24,790 --> 00:11:23,440
the same stuff yeah yeah yeah getting

316
00:11:26,470 --> 00:11:24,800
your hands dirty out there for sure

317
00:11:29,030 --> 00:11:26,480
right

318
00:11:30,389 --> 00:11:29,040
well awesome thank you guys for joining

319
00:11:32,550 --> 00:11:30,399
us answering questions we're going to

320
00:11:34,069 --> 00:11:32,560
bring you back later on for the voting

321
00:11:34,790 --> 00:11:34,079
system

322
00:11:36,790 --> 00:11:34,800
but

323
00:11:38,389 --> 00:11:36,800
thank you for bringing your samples and

324
00:11:39,590 --> 00:11:38,399
your tools

325
00:11:43,190 --> 00:11:39,600
and we will

326
00:11:45,829 --> 00:11:43,200
see you in a bit all right thanks guys

327
00:11:48,550 --> 00:11:45,839
super cool pretty impressive yes yes and

328
00:11:50,550 --> 00:11:48,560
but you know doable i feel like i could

329
00:11:52,150 --> 00:11:50,560
put together that costume yeah if i

330
00:11:54,949 --> 00:11:52,160
could be mary beth one day you know for

331
00:11:57,110 --> 00:11:54,959
one day why not don't you want her

332
00:11:58,870 --> 00:11:57,120
yeah i always wanted to be mary beth

333
00:12:01,110 --> 00:11:58,880
halloween is my day

334
00:12:04,710 --> 00:12:01,120
awesome all right let's move on to our

335
00:12:06,600 --> 00:12:04,720
next contender up next we have chuck

336
00:12:15,430 --> 00:12:06,610
come on out chuck

337
00:12:16,790 --> 00:12:15,440
[Music]

338
00:12:20,870 --> 00:12:16,800
excellent

339
00:12:24,150 --> 00:12:20,880
hello hi i see a lab coat oh yeah some

340
00:12:25,670 --> 00:12:24,160
gloves dust and dirt some gloves

341
00:12:26,470 --> 00:12:25,680
feel free to come right on up to the

342
00:12:28,389 --> 00:12:26,480
table

343
00:12:29,269 --> 00:12:28,399
those chairs are hard to tuck in there

344
00:12:31,190 --> 00:12:29,279
we go

345
00:12:33,430 --> 00:12:31,200
all right how's that good uh tell us

346
00:12:35,269 --> 00:12:33,440
your name and what you do here at sure

347
00:12:37,030 --> 00:12:35,279
my name is chuck horn ellison i'm a

348
00:12:39,190 --> 00:12:37,040
mechanical engineer and i work in the

349
00:12:40,150 --> 00:12:39,200
ballistic ranges here at ames research

350
00:12:41,750 --> 00:12:40,160
center

351
00:12:43,350 --> 00:12:41,760
sounds quite interesting we'll hear more

352
00:12:45,190 --> 00:12:43,360
about that in a second sure first of all

353
00:12:47,670 --> 00:12:45,200
just tell us what you're wearing

354
00:12:49,829 --> 00:12:47,680
i'm wearing uh basically the standard

355
00:12:51,509 --> 00:12:49,839
attire we wear when we're conducting

356
00:12:52,470 --> 00:12:51,519
experiments in the ballistic ranges it's

357
00:12:59,670 --> 00:12:52,480
a

358
00:13:01,990 --> 00:12:59,680
we

359
00:13:04,310 --> 00:13:02,000
typically handle explosives and and

360
00:13:06,629 --> 00:13:04,320
various hazardous materials so we have

361
00:13:08,069 --> 00:13:06,639
the safety accoutrement you know yes

362
00:13:09,110 --> 00:13:08,079
glasses

363
00:13:10,550 --> 00:13:09,120
all these things yeah you want to go

364
00:13:12,310 --> 00:13:10,560
home with the same number of fingers and

365
00:13:13,910 --> 00:13:12,320
eyebrows that you come in with so that's

366
00:13:15,590 --> 00:13:13,920
the goal so this is yeah standard

367
00:13:19,350 --> 00:13:15,600
ballistic range attire it's been

368
00:13:23,110 --> 00:13:21,670
designer lab that's that's right okay so

369
00:13:25,509 --> 00:13:23,120
you're dirty and you work with

370
00:13:27,030 --> 00:13:25,519
explosives what exactly is going on

371
00:13:29,110 --> 00:13:27,040
ballistic range well the ballistic

372
00:13:30,870 --> 00:13:29,120
ranges there's actually two facilities

373
00:13:32,710 --> 00:13:30,880
within the ballistic range complex that

374
00:13:34,310 --> 00:13:32,720
are currently active

375
00:13:36,310 --> 00:13:34,320
one of them's called the ames vertical

376
00:13:37,829 --> 00:13:36,320
gun range and what we do there is we use

377
00:13:40,310 --> 00:13:37,839
a large gun to shoot high-speed

378
00:13:42,150 --> 00:13:40,320
projectiles into targets to simulate

379
00:13:44,150 --> 00:13:42,160
what happens when an asteroid or a

380
00:13:46,069 --> 00:13:44,160
meteor impacts a planet or moon surface

381
00:13:48,790 --> 00:13:46,079
we observe the formation of the crater

382
00:13:51,110 --> 00:13:48,800
where the debris goes etc in fact i've

383
00:13:53,509 --> 00:13:51,120
got a a brief uh video that demonstrates

384
00:13:55,430 --> 00:13:53,519
yes you see that video there you go

385
00:13:56,949 --> 00:13:55,440
there is the blue chambers where we

386
00:13:59,750 --> 00:13:56,959
place our targets and adjust the

387
00:14:01,189 --> 00:13:59,760
environment according to whatever um

388
00:14:03,590 --> 00:14:01,199
conditions we're trying to simulate the

389
00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:03,600
orange section was our our gun beam

390
00:14:08,550 --> 00:14:06,000
there's a nice impact you see the

391
00:14:10,710 --> 00:14:08,560
the crate the debris curtain evolving

392
00:14:12,949 --> 00:14:10,720
and as materials being excavated and as

393
00:14:15,030 --> 00:14:12,959
soon as the smoke clears voila there you

394
00:14:16,790 --> 00:14:15,040
go there's the crater i see it i see it

395
00:14:19,430 --> 00:14:16,800
yeah yeah that's not your

396
00:14:21,670 --> 00:14:19,440
regular gun no no no it's not not a

397
00:14:23,750 --> 00:14:21,680
typical gun it's it's uh what we use is

398
00:14:25,990 --> 00:14:23,760
what's called a two-stage light gas gun

399
00:14:28,710 --> 00:14:26,000
and the way it operates is you you use

400
00:14:30,230 --> 00:14:28,720
gun powder to shoot a piston down a tube

401
00:14:32,550 --> 00:14:30,240
that's filled with hydrogen and as the

402
00:14:35,030 --> 00:14:32,560
piston traverses the tube it compresses

403
00:14:36,949 --> 00:14:35,040
the hydrogen to extreme pressure

404
00:14:37,829 --> 00:14:36,959
tens of thousands of pounds per square

405
00:14:39,670 --> 00:14:37,839
inch

406
00:14:41,430 --> 00:14:39,680
and we then use that high pressure

407
00:14:43,189 --> 00:14:41,440
hydrogen as our propellant medium or

408
00:14:45,590 --> 00:14:43,199
what we use to

409
00:14:47,110 --> 00:14:45,600
launch the bullet out of our gun barrel

410
00:14:49,110 --> 00:14:47,120
and the reason we do that is you can get

411
00:14:50,870 --> 00:14:49,120
much higher velocities than you can with

412
00:14:53,750 --> 00:14:50,880
a standard gun

413
00:14:55,509 --> 00:14:53,760
our guns in the range complex top out at

414
00:14:56,230 --> 00:14:55,519
about eight kilometers per second which

415
00:14:58,949 --> 00:14:56,240
is

416
00:15:00,310 --> 00:14:58,959
roughly eighteen 000 miles per hour or

417
00:15:02,069 --> 00:15:00,320
this way if you're traveling that speed

418
00:15:04,310 --> 00:15:02,079
you could fly from san francisco to new

419
00:15:06,230 --> 00:15:04,320
york in about 10 minutes oh wow that's a

420
00:15:09,030 --> 00:15:06,240
little fun fact for you we are in fact

421
00:15:10,389 --> 00:15:09,040
the fastest gun in the west yes

422
00:15:12,069 --> 00:15:10,399
yes

423
00:15:13,910 --> 00:15:12,079
excellent

424
00:15:15,670 --> 00:15:13,920
so that's that's the vertical gun range

425
00:15:16,790 --> 00:15:15,680
okay and i know you have you have

426
00:15:17,590 --> 00:15:16,800
another one yeah i want to hear about

427
00:15:19,269 --> 00:15:17,600
that

428
00:15:22,389 --> 00:15:19,279
we have some hellos for you if i could

429
00:15:24,310 --> 00:15:22,399
okay just jump into the chat here as daz

430
00:15:28,310 --> 00:15:24,320
x3 hey chuck

431
00:15:30,069 --> 00:15:28,320
hello caps big hello um speed razor 216

432
00:15:32,389 --> 00:15:30,079
are those mechanics gloves i love those

433
00:15:33,829 --> 00:15:32,399
gloves yeah let's see we have we have

434
00:15:35,749 --> 00:15:33,839
various types of gloves i don't know if

435
00:15:37,829 --> 00:15:35,759
they want to you know depending on what

436
00:15:38,870 --> 00:15:37,839
we're trying to do uh some of them have

437
00:15:42,069 --> 00:15:38,880
this uh

438
00:15:43,590 --> 00:15:42,079
you know geico geico gecko like texture

439
00:15:46,150 --> 00:15:43,600
yes in addition to working in the

440
00:15:47,509 --> 00:15:46,160
ballistic ranges i can save you 15 on

441
00:15:49,910 --> 00:15:47,519
your car

442
00:15:51,829 --> 00:15:49,920
it's um we have text you know to improve

443
00:15:54,069 --> 00:15:51,839
manual dexterity depending on what what

444
00:15:55,350 --> 00:15:54,079
you're doing okay yeah and what sort of

445
00:15:57,030 --> 00:15:55,360
chemicals you're working with because

446
00:15:59,189 --> 00:15:57,040
you want to protect your your skin and

447
00:16:02,310 --> 00:15:59,199
whatnot from acetone

448
00:16:04,470 --> 00:16:02,320
cool sleepy underscore gary so cool yeah

449
00:16:06,069 --> 00:16:04,480
totally angry um

450
00:16:07,430 --> 00:16:06,079
and i know

451
00:16:08,870 --> 00:16:07,440
we're gonna hear more about the other

452
00:16:09,910 --> 00:16:08,880
facilities so let's do that first sure

453
00:16:11,509 --> 00:16:09,920
let's see if you answer some of these

454
00:16:13,030 --> 00:16:11,519
questions okay that the vertical gun

455
00:16:15,110 --> 00:16:13,040
that was uh

456
00:16:17,269 --> 00:16:15,120
range number one i think hyper velocity

457
00:16:19,110 --> 00:16:17,279
impact testing the other facilities

458
00:16:21,269 --> 00:16:19,120
called the hypervelocity free flight

459
00:16:23,350 --> 00:16:21,279
facility uh we use the same sort of gun

460
00:16:25,189 --> 00:16:23,360
technology but rather than

461
00:16:27,430 --> 00:16:25,199
looking at the impact we shoot

462
00:16:30,230 --> 00:16:27,440
small-scale models uh planetary entry

463
00:16:31,910 --> 00:16:30,240
vehicles down a along flight corridor uh

464
00:16:34,949 --> 00:16:31,920
we take a lot a lot of pictures of them

465
00:16:36,629 --> 00:16:34,959
as they fly to to map out the trajectory

466
00:16:39,030 --> 00:16:36,639
and from that information we can infer

467
00:16:41,110 --> 00:16:39,040
the aerodynamic characteristics of these

468
00:16:44,470 --> 00:16:41,120
uh planetary entry vehicles and i have

469
00:16:47,350 --> 00:16:44,480
one right here yeah this um

470
00:16:49,030 --> 00:16:47,360
this is a picture of one of the

471
00:16:51,749 --> 00:16:49,040
models that we've we've shot over the

472
00:16:53,269 --> 00:16:51,759
years now it may look uh like some sort

473
00:16:55,110 --> 00:16:53,279
of a drawer pull that you would buy at

474
00:16:57,670 --> 00:16:55,120
home depot you know for five bucks but i

475
00:17:00,790 --> 00:16:57,680
assure you this is actually a a precise

476
00:17:03,829 --> 00:17:00,800
uh scale model of the orion capsule yeah

477
00:17:06,390 --> 00:17:03,839
and so we do have a video of of one of

478
00:17:08,150 --> 00:17:06,400
these tests these arrow ballistic tests

479
00:17:09,990 --> 00:17:08,160
let's see that let's have a look there

480
00:17:11,270 --> 00:17:10,000
you go there's the test section notice

481
00:17:12,470 --> 00:17:11,280
all the windows

482
00:17:14,390 --> 00:17:12,480
that's one of the reasons you get dirty

483
00:17:17,429 --> 00:17:14,400
you have 64 windows to clean after every

484
00:17:19,110 --> 00:17:17,439
test and uh we we launched the models

485
00:17:20,150 --> 00:17:19,120
here's here's a video of a model in

486
00:17:22,549 --> 00:17:20,160
flight

487
00:17:24,789 --> 00:17:22,559
and we take uh 32 still images from

488
00:17:26,069 --> 00:17:24,799
which we can map out the trajectory and

489
00:17:28,069 --> 00:17:26,079
one thing

490
00:17:29,510 --> 00:17:28,079
there goes in a blaze of glory i do need

491
00:17:31,110 --> 00:17:29,520
blaze you know you can see it's burning

492
00:17:32,390 --> 00:17:31,120
there yeah one thing that was kind of

493
00:17:33,590 --> 00:17:32,400
cool from that video you probably

494
00:17:35,110 --> 00:17:33,600
noticed

495
00:17:37,110 --> 00:17:35,120
was the gas cap in front of the model

496
00:17:39,510 --> 00:17:37,120
was was glowing and even though we were

497
00:17:41,110 --> 00:17:39,520
simulating flight you know way up high

498
00:17:42,470 --> 00:17:41,120
in the atmosphere

499
00:17:45,110 --> 00:17:42,480
where it's fairly

500
00:17:47,270 --> 00:17:45,120
thin and not a lot of air molecules the

501
00:17:48,870 --> 00:17:47,280
fact you're traveling say 25 times the

502
00:17:50,150 --> 00:17:48,880
speed of sound you're still compressing

503
00:17:51,830 --> 00:17:50,160
and heating this gas to extreme

504
00:17:54,310 --> 00:17:51,840
temperatures and that's what causes it

505
00:17:55,830 --> 00:17:54,320
to glow like that which is a nice visual

506
00:17:56,950 --> 00:17:55,840
indication why you need to have a heat

507
00:17:58,710 --> 00:17:56,960
shield on your vehicle when you're

508
00:18:00,789 --> 00:17:58,720
entering the planet's atmosphere that's

509
00:18:03,110 --> 00:18:00,799
a wise precaution so so that that's the

510
00:18:06,630 --> 00:18:03,120
that's the free flight range um it's

511
00:18:08,870 --> 00:18:06,640
it's geared towards aerodynamics um

512
00:18:10,710 --> 00:18:08,880
we've been in business or that facility

513
00:18:13,669 --> 00:18:10,720
not me but the facility's been in

514
00:18:15,510 --> 00:18:13,679
business since uh mid 60s oh wow um it

515
00:18:17,270 --> 00:18:15,520
started off supporting apollo and

516
00:18:19,430 --> 00:18:17,280
virtually with just a few

517
00:18:21,669 --> 00:18:19,440
exceptions every nasa probe that's

518
00:18:23,669 --> 00:18:21,679
entered a planet's atmosphere has had

519
00:18:25,510 --> 00:18:23,679
some sort of testing done in the

520
00:18:26,230 --> 00:18:25,520
ballistic range complex

521
00:18:27,990 --> 00:18:26,240
wow

522
00:18:30,150 --> 00:18:28,000
we've also been involved with some

523
00:18:32,390 --> 00:18:30,160
private industries such as spacex dragon

524
00:18:33,830 --> 00:18:32,400
capsule and blue origin the new shepard

525
00:18:36,390 --> 00:18:33,840
capsule so

526
00:18:38,070 --> 00:18:36,400
basically my team and i we provide a

527
00:18:39,669 --> 00:18:38,080
testing service we we operate the

528
00:18:42,230 --> 00:18:39,679
facility we conduct the tests for

529
00:18:43,590 --> 00:18:42,240
visiting researchers who pay for access

530
00:18:44,950 --> 00:18:43,600
and then we deliver the data and then

531
00:18:47,350 --> 00:18:44,960
they go off publish their papers

532
00:18:52,310 --> 00:18:47,360
whatever yeah so in that sense uh we

533
00:19:04,310 --> 00:18:53,590
i love it

534
00:19:10,870 --> 00:19:06,070
we need that western intro for him too

535
00:19:15,190 --> 00:19:13,590
all right next year i can't wait uh i

536
00:19:16,870 --> 00:19:15,200
have some more questions for you sure

537
00:19:18,230 --> 00:19:16,880
all right

538
00:19:20,789 --> 00:19:18,240
shoot

539
00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:20,799
says the fastest gun in the west

540
00:19:25,190 --> 00:19:22,480
um

541
00:19:27,990 --> 00:19:25,200
ho third asks again do you use lasers no

542
00:19:30,549 --> 00:19:28,000
yes do you use lasers oh we do use

543
00:19:32,789 --> 00:19:30,559
lasers for various applications um for

544
00:19:34,950 --> 00:19:32,799
example in the vertical gun range we use

545
00:19:36,630 --> 00:19:34,960
lasers for our model detection system

546
00:19:38,870 --> 00:19:36,640
that is to

547
00:19:40,630 --> 00:19:38,880
we have laser light sheets at specific

548
00:19:43,430 --> 00:19:40,640
distances and when the particle passes

549
00:19:45,270 --> 00:19:43,440
through these beams they stop uh timers

550
00:19:47,350 --> 00:19:45,280
so knowing the the time elapsed and the

551
00:19:49,190 --> 00:19:47,360
distance traveled you can then calculate

552
00:19:51,190 --> 00:19:49,200
the velocity so that that's how we

553
00:19:53,270 --> 00:19:51,200
measure the velocity of our car so

554
00:19:56,710 --> 00:19:53,280
that's one application

555
00:20:00,549 --> 00:19:56,720
nice um i'll stick 6e asks is the gun

556
00:20:01,590 --> 00:20:00,559
test performed in a vacuum uh yes um

557
00:20:04,549 --> 00:20:01,600
both

558
00:20:07,190 --> 00:20:04,559
they're vacuum chambers so you can you

559
00:20:09,029 --> 00:20:07,200
can pump the pressure way down and the

560
00:20:11,270 --> 00:20:09,039
vertical gun you can simulate impact on

561
00:20:13,110 --> 00:20:11,280
an airless body or you can backfill with

562
00:20:15,510 --> 00:20:13,120
different test gases if let's say if

563
00:20:16,870 --> 00:20:15,520
you're simulating an impact on mars for

564
00:20:19,110 --> 00:20:16,880
example you can put a low level of

565
00:20:21,750 --> 00:20:19,120
carbon dioxide in there so we we can

566
00:20:23,669 --> 00:20:21,760
test it vacuum or in variable uh gases

567
00:20:24,549 --> 00:20:23,679
for different atmospheres all right

568
00:20:28,390 --> 00:20:24,559
sweet

569
00:20:29,990 --> 00:20:28,400
all right uh as that x3 says our axe

570
00:20:31,029 --> 00:20:30,000
what is the craziest experiment you've

571
00:20:32,070 --> 00:20:31,039
ever done

572
00:20:33,590 --> 00:20:32,080
ooh

573
00:20:34,870 --> 00:20:33,600
craziest

574
00:20:36,549 --> 00:20:34,880
well let's see there there's a couple

575
00:20:38,630 --> 00:20:36,559
that come to mind

576
00:20:40,789 --> 00:20:38,640
uh one that was fun this was a couple

577
00:20:43,750 --> 00:20:40,799
decades ago we were we had a researcher

578
00:20:44,870 --> 00:20:43,760
who is uh simulating uh the impact that

579
00:20:46,470 --> 00:20:44,880
that uh

580
00:20:48,950 --> 00:20:46,480
we believe triggered the extinction of

581
00:20:51,909 --> 00:20:48,960
the dinosaurs 65 million years ago you

582
00:20:54,230 --> 00:20:51,919
had this mount ever sized um asteroid

583
00:20:56,230 --> 00:20:54,240
that slammed into uh just off the coast

584
00:20:58,549 --> 00:20:56,240
of the yucatan and caused a big crater

585
00:21:00,070 --> 00:20:58,559
and so that was that was a very cool

586
00:21:02,390 --> 00:21:00,080
uh project because

587
00:21:04,149 --> 00:21:02,400
what he demonstrated was if the impact

588
00:21:05,909 --> 00:21:04,159
would come straight in normal to the

589
00:21:07,590 --> 00:21:05,919
earth most of the ejected material would

590
00:21:09,669 --> 00:21:07,600
have gone straight back up out into

591
00:21:11,990 --> 00:21:09,679
space but looking at the shape of the

592
00:21:13,750 --> 00:21:12,000
crater and the iridium deposits that

593
00:21:16,310 --> 00:21:13,760
came from the impactor and the way

594
00:21:18,149 --> 00:21:16,320
they're scattered across the earth it

595
00:21:20,070 --> 00:21:18,159
would indicate that it came in at a very

596
00:21:22,789 --> 00:21:20,080
shallow angle and because of that you

597
00:21:24,310 --> 00:21:22,799
had this wall of destruction of material

598
00:21:25,830 --> 00:21:24,320
going into the northern hemisphere and

599
00:21:27,350 --> 00:21:25,840
then a lot of stuff getting entrained in

600
00:21:29,510 --> 00:21:27,360
the atmosphere

601
00:21:32,070 --> 00:21:29,520
that caused dramatic climatic changes so

602
00:21:33,669 --> 00:21:32,080
what he was showing was that you know if

603
00:21:35,190 --> 00:21:33,679
we might we we might not be here and

604
00:21:36,549 --> 00:21:35,200
dinosaurs might still be around if it

605
00:21:37,750 --> 00:21:36,559
had come in in a different angle you

606
00:21:39,430 --> 00:21:37,760
know so

607
00:21:41,830 --> 00:21:39,440
that was that was a really really good

608
00:21:45,909 --> 00:21:41,840
that's a great example i know right

609
00:21:48,310 --> 00:21:47,029
we're gonna have to let you go really

610
00:21:50,549 --> 00:21:48,320
soon but there are two more good

611
00:21:53,270 --> 00:21:50,559
questions so we'll do a rapid fire thing

612
00:21:55,590 --> 00:21:53,280
here and nikki cakes asks can we shoot a

613
00:21:57,350 --> 00:21:55,600
spacecraft at another planet or towards

614
00:22:00,230 --> 00:21:57,360
another planet instead of using rockets

615
00:22:01,669 --> 00:22:00,240
ah well from from the surface of earth

616
00:22:03,029 --> 00:22:01,679
that would be very difficult because you

617
00:22:05,350 --> 00:22:03,039
you know you've got gravity and you've

618
00:22:07,830 --> 00:22:05,360
got the atmosphere to get through and so

619
00:22:10,470 --> 00:22:07,840
they've been trying to use um

620
00:22:12,950 --> 00:22:10,480
uh like guns to launch satellites into

621
00:22:15,830 --> 00:22:12,960
space and it's really not a very uh

622
00:22:18,390 --> 00:22:15,840
feasible uh means of doing so

623
00:22:20,310 --> 00:22:18,400
um maybe if you built something you know

624
00:22:21,669 --> 00:22:20,320
that's an orbital platform and launched

625
00:22:23,430 --> 00:22:21,679
it from there that might be a good way

626
00:22:25,110 --> 00:22:23,440
to get it there but uh from the surface

627
00:22:27,029 --> 00:22:25,120
of planet that now that would be a tough

628
00:22:28,470 --> 00:22:27,039
sell yeah too much atmosphere to get

629
00:22:30,230 --> 00:22:28,480
through yeah

630
00:22:33,510 --> 00:22:30,240
you want to take the last one

631
00:22:34,310 --> 00:22:33,520
ah yes so we have scary crazy butter

632
00:22:36,549 --> 00:22:34,320
knife

633
00:22:38,230 --> 00:22:36,559
here

634
00:22:41,270 --> 00:22:38,240
chuck have you done any impact or

635
00:22:43,909 --> 00:22:41,280
microscopic impact testing on spacecraft

636
00:22:46,470 --> 00:22:43,919
yes yes we have um

637
00:22:48,390 --> 00:22:46,480
the cassini mission mars rovers and we

638
00:22:51,830 --> 00:22:48,400
looked at some vehicle survivability or

639
00:22:53,750 --> 00:22:51,840
vulnerability uh tests where we we took

640
00:22:55,190 --> 00:22:53,760
jpl came to us with certain components

641
00:22:56,470 --> 00:22:55,200
of the spacecraft they were concerned

642
00:22:58,310 --> 00:22:56,480
about to see if they had adequate

643
00:22:59,909 --> 00:22:58,320
shielding so we replicated

644
00:23:01,990 --> 00:22:59,919
micrometeoroid impacts on those

645
00:23:04,310 --> 00:23:02,000
components so you could so they could

646
00:23:05,750 --> 00:23:04,320
get a better probabilistic model of what

647
00:23:08,470 --> 00:23:05,760
sort of uh

648
00:23:10,630 --> 00:23:08,480
survivability the vehicle uh or how

649
00:23:12,710 --> 00:23:10,640
likely would this vehicle survive uh

650
00:23:14,630 --> 00:23:12,720
getting to its destination so we we have

651
00:23:16,549 --> 00:23:14,640
done some micrometeoroid

652
00:23:17,990 --> 00:23:16,559
impact tests on spacecraft yeah that's

653
00:23:21,190 --> 00:23:18,000
so awesome you do so many different

654
00:23:22,710 --> 00:23:21,200
kinds of things in there yeah facility

655
00:23:24,950 --> 00:23:22,720
that sounds very cool cool well thank

656
00:23:27,190 --> 00:23:24,960
you for coming sharing it all with us

657
00:23:28,630 --> 00:23:27,200
now you get out of here for now and

658
00:23:30,630 --> 00:23:28,640
we're going to invite you back later

659
00:23:32,149 --> 00:23:30,640
when it's time to vote okay all right

660
00:23:33,510 --> 00:23:32,159
thanks for coming on check it my

661
00:23:35,669 --> 00:23:33,520
pleasure all right

662
00:23:37,909 --> 00:23:35,679
did you know half of that stuff nope but

663
00:23:39,669 --> 00:23:37,919
they were not there i knew

664
00:23:41,990 --> 00:23:39,679
i knew they did the impact yeah crater

665
00:23:43,669 --> 00:23:42,000
formation yeah but the dinosaur

666
00:23:45,110 --> 00:23:43,679
research that's like so cool who would

667
00:23:47,029 --> 00:23:45,120
you ever think right i learned so much

668
00:23:49,430 --> 00:23:47,039
on the show i know

669
00:23:52,630 --> 00:23:49,440
that's why i love it so let's move on

670
00:23:59,190 --> 00:23:52,640
and learn some more from our next guest

671
00:24:02,830 --> 00:24:00,470
hey there

672
00:24:06,390 --> 00:24:04,549
okay

673
00:24:09,269 --> 00:24:06,400
3d glasses

674
00:24:11,909 --> 00:24:09,279
cool nasa shirt i see

675
00:24:13,510 --> 00:24:11,919
welcome scoot right in there yeah get

676
00:24:15,190 --> 00:24:13,520
nice and close to the mic

677
00:24:16,950 --> 00:24:15,200
yeah all right so why don't you tell

678
00:24:19,590 --> 00:24:16,960
everybody your name and what you do here

679
00:24:21,430 --> 00:24:19,600
at ames so i'm lynn lee st george and i

680
00:24:23,669 --> 00:24:21,440
am an intern here at ames working with

681
00:24:27,510 --> 00:24:23,679
the intelligent robotics group creating

682
00:24:29,190 --> 00:24:27,520
uh 3d visualizations using novel media

683
00:24:31,750 --> 00:24:29,200
particularly of geological and

684
00:24:33,669 --> 00:24:31,760
geospatial data oh wow sounds really

685
00:24:35,510 --> 00:24:33,679
cool all right uh well we're gonna hear

686
00:24:38,470 --> 00:24:35,520
more about that i hope later

687
00:24:40,789 --> 00:24:38,480
describe for us your attire today uh so

688
00:24:42,630 --> 00:24:40,799
i'm dressed as a regular intern in my

689
00:24:44,549 --> 00:24:42,640
normal everyday outfit so we get a lot

690
00:25:02,230 --> 00:24:44,559
of uh personal expression with how we

691
00:25:07,110 --> 00:25:03,750
tell us a little bit about what you're

692
00:25:09,430 --> 00:25:07,120
working on 3d printers 3d glasses what

693
00:25:12,470 --> 00:25:09,440
are you working on uh so i work on

694
00:25:14,710 --> 00:25:12,480
creating um 3d visualizations including

695
00:25:17,110 --> 00:25:14,720
3d printed models

696
00:25:19,669 --> 00:25:17,120
um maybe if you hold that still there

697
00:25:22,870 --> 00:25:19,679
yeah jesse could get a close-up on a

698
00:25:26,549 --> 00:25:22,880
3d printed model of what uh so this is a

699
00:25:28,950 --> 00:25:26,559
borehole drilled by curiosity and uh it

700
00:25:31,510 --> 00:25:28,960
was create this 3d model was created

701
00:25:33,990 --> 00:25:31,520
from stereoscopic images that it took of

702
00:25:36,310 --> 00:25:34,000
that borehole so the different angles

703
00:25:38,070 --> 00:25:36,320
okay the rover on mars is drilling it's

704
00:25:40,390 --> 00:25:38,080
drilling the bore holes to see if it can

705
00:25:42,630 --> 00:25:40,400
get um samples from i believe they're

706
00:25:44,870 --> 00:25:42,640
called mudstones to see what kind of

707
00:25:46,950 --> 00:25:44,880
chemicals and um

708
00:25:49,269 --> 00:25:46,960
if there's any proteins or anything sort

709
00:25:52,390 --> 00:25:49,279
of like in the in those rocks

710
00:25:54,310 --> 00:25:52,400
um and so curiosity rovers ingale crater

711
00:25:56,230 --> 00:25:54,320
creating these boreholes

712
00:25:58,310 --> 00:25:56,240
and taking stereoscopic images which are

713
00:26:00,870 --> 00:25:58,320
images from two angles and from that you

714
00:26:02,390 --> 00:26:00,880
can create um this is an incomplete 3d

715
00:26:03,590 --> 00:26:02,400
mesh so if you hold it the right angle

716
00:26:04,549 --> 00:26:03,600
there's actually little holes in the

717
00:26:07,110 --> 00:26:04,559
bottom

718
00:26:09,029 --> 00:26:07,120
and fixing those holes and seeing the

719
00:26:12,390 --> 00:26:09,039
best ways to take photos to get complete

720
00:26:14,390 --> 00:26:12,400
meshes as part of what i do

721
00:26:17,990 --> 00:26:14,400
but mostly what i do is i take various

722
00:26:20,470 --> 00:26:18,000
stereoscopic images and use 3d printing

723
00:26:21,269 --> 00:26:20,480
and holograms and augmented reality to

724
00:26:23,909 --> 00:26:21,279
see

725
00:26:25,750 --> 00:26:23,919
what types of visualizations we can make

726
00:26:28,230 --> 00:26:25,760
in the hopes that scientists who we

727
00:26:30,470 --> 00:26:28,240
can't just casually drop off on mars

728
00:26:32,470 --> 00:26:30,480
can make earth-like observations so

729
00:26:34,710 --> 00:26:32,480
observations like mary beth earlier was

730
00:26:37,510 --> 00:26:34,720
making in the desert using just these

731
00:26:39,510 --> 00:26:37,520
images that we've collected uh from mars

732
00:26:41,590 --> 00:26:39,520
wow okay right so scientists on earth

733
00:26:43,590 --> 00:26:41,600
could be yeah watching what can be

734
00:26:45,830 --> 00:26:43,600
watching through the rover and making

735
00:26:47,669 --> 00:26:45,840
correct scientific observations awesome

736
00:26:49,269 --> 00:26:47,679
yeah yeah so you're you're just getting

737
00:26:50,710 --> 00:26:49,279
started in your internship and you're

738
00:26:53,269 --> 00:26:50,720
showing us some examples the kinds of

739
00:26:55,909 --> 00:26:53,279
work that you're going to be yeah so

740
00:26:57,990 --> 00:26:55,919
this is just a test print um we're doing

741
00:26:59,990 --> 00:26:58,000
things like creating multi-material

742
00:27:02,149 --> 00:27:00,000
multicolored prints that will have more

743
00:27:03,350 --> 00:27:02,159
realistic effects

744
00:27:05,990 --> 00:27:03,360
and one of the things that we're most

745
00:27:08,390 --> 00:27:06,000
focused on is realistic optical effects

746
00:27:10,710 --> 00:27:08,400
uh because it's very difficult in just a

747
00:27:11,590 --> 00:27:10,720
flat two-dimensional photo to uh see

748
00:27:14,310 --> 00:27:11,600
sort of

749
00:27:15,590 --> 00:27:14,320
what kind of specularity or shininess

750
00:27:17,110 --> 00:27:15,600
essentially

751
00:27:34,789 --> 00:27:17,120
the rocks are exhibiting which is a very

752
00:27:39,190 --> 00:27:36,789
a couple of images yeah of the kinds of

753
00:27:41,590 --> 00:27:39,200
data that i work with so

754
00:27:43,990 --> 00:27:41,600
i have here a 3d image of mars taken by

755
00:27:47,269 --> 00:27:44,000
curiosity yeah so this is another

756
00:27:49,510 --> 00:27:47,279
stereoscopic image oh if i put on my 3d

757
00:27:51,830 --> 00:27:49,520
glasses yeah if you put on your 3d

758
00:27:53,430 --> 00:27:51,840
glasses you can see it in 3d if any of

759
00:27:55,029 --> 00:27:53,440
you at home casually have some of these

760
00:27:55,990 --> 00:27:55,039
lying around

761
00:27:57,750 --> 00:27:56,000
yeah

762
00:27:58,789 --> 00:27:57,760
from from your favorite 90s movies as a

763
00:28:02,149 --> 00:27:58,799
kid

764
00:28:05,669 --> 00:28:02,159
um yes so this is mount sharp uh scene

765
00:28:09,029 --> 00:28:05,679
through curiosity's uh navigation camera

766
00:28:10,789 --> 00:28:09,039
um with just this 3d

767
00:28:12,549 --> 00:28:10,799
layer of rocks in front of it that you

768
00:28:14,549 --> 00:28:12,559
can see kind of coming out of the screen

769
00:28:16,549 --> 00:28:14,559
here if you look at it right you really

770
00:28:18,630 --> 00:28:16,559
are yeah

771
00:28:21,029 --> 00:28:18,640
so it it really shows you how different

772
00:28:22,630 --> 00:28:21,039
it is observing in 3d versus 2d right

773
00:28:23,750 --> 00:28:22,640
right all the difference that could make

774
00:28:29,430 --> 00:28:23,760
yeah

775
00:28:32,389 --> 00:28:29,440
is there another one uh there is another

776
00:28:35,510 --> 00:28:32,399
one 3d image of mars taken from orbit i

777
00:28:37,909 --> 00:28:35,520
see yes so um

778
00:28:39,510 --> 00:28:37,919
comes up yep this is uh mouth vellus a

779
00:28:41,669 --> 00:28:39,520
nice welsh name

780
00:28:44,149 --> 00:28:41,679
um which is one of the oldest valleys on

781
00:28:45,830 --> 00:28:44,159
mars and this was taken from orbit i

782
00:28:48,310 --> 00:28:45,840
believe because they were scouting it as

783
00:28:51,110 --> 00:28:48,320
a possible landing site oh cool and it

784
00:28:52,870 --> 00:28:51,120
also shows that really intense uh sort

785
00:28:54,549 --> 00:28:52,880
of jaggedness of the rocks when you look

786
00:28:57,029 --> 00:28:54,559
at it in 3d definitely tell the

787
00:28:58,870 --> 00:28:57,039
difference yeah and these these images

788
00:29:00,870 --> 00:28:58,880
are available on nasa's website if any

789
00:29:02,470 --> 00:29:00,880
of you at home want to nip out and get

790
00:29:03,750 --> 00:29:02,480
yourself some of these for later that's

791
00:29:05,110 --> 00:29:03,760
right

792
00:29:06,870 --> 00:29:05,120
i'm just going to wear these for the

793
00:29:09,029 --> 00:29:06,880
rest of the show i think

794
00:29:09,909 --> 00:29:09,039
they're a good look they're high fashion

795
00:29:11,510 --> 00:29:09,919
yeah

796
00:29:13,750 --> 00:29:11,520
and very cheap so great for making your

797
00:29:15,350 --> 00:29:13,760
own costume at home that's right

798
00:29:17,750 --> 00:29:15,360
you can easily recreate lindley's

799
00:29:18,950 --> 00:29:17,760
customers yes yeah close your shoes tie

800
00:29:21,110 --> 00:29:18,960
up your hair and get yourself a pair of

801
00:29:23,029 --> 00:29:21,120
3d glasses that's right

802
00:29:24,470 --> 00:29:23,039
how long have you been an intern here um

803
00:29:26,149 --> 00:29:24,480
so i've been an intern here for eight

804
00:29:28,710 --> 00:29:26,159
and a half weeks and i'm here for

805
00:29:30,950 --> 00:29:28,720
another seven and a half so standard 16

806
00:29:33,669 --> 00:29:30,960
week autumn internship yeah but you guys

807
00:29:35,830 --> 00:29:33,679
get to work and you do so seriously yeah

808
00:29:36,710 --> 00:29:35,840
yeah they sort of you get it described

809
00:29:38,470 --> 00:29:36,720
to you as you're just going to hit the

810
00:29:39,990 --> 00:29:38,480
ground running and just keep going and

811
00:29:43,029 --> 00:29:40,000
then eventually you'll get to leave but

812
00:29:48,789 --> 00:29:45,350
awesome we have questions and comments

813
00:29:50,950 --> 00:29:48,799
oh yeah yeah we have uh biff who is

814
00:29:52,389 --> 00:29:50,960
asking what kind of cad software do you

815
00:29:54,950 --> 00:29:52,399
use if any

816
00:29:58,070 --> 00:29:54,960
um so we actually work with a variety of

817
00:30:00,149 --> 00:29:58,080
things so we don't do um

818
00:30:01,590 --> 00:30:00,159
like geometric cad style stuff because

819
00:30:03,430 --> 00:30:01,600
what we're working with is very organic

820
00:30:06,549 --> 00:30:03,440
forms we're working with meshes and so

821
00:30:09,029 --> 00:30:06,559
you can use tools like um mesh mixer

822
00:30:11,350 --> 00:30:09,039
what i use actually varies depending on

823
00:30:12,789 --> 00:30:11,360
what i'm working with in that moment so

824
00:30:15,190 --> 00:30:12,799
there's certain programs that you need

825
00:30:17,990 --> 00:30:15,200
to make stls for 3d printing

826
00:30:19,669 --> 00:30:18,000
um we use a prusa printer

827
00:30:22,950 --> 00:30:19,679
but there are different types

828
00:30:24,950 --> 00:30:22,960
and i also use um mesh mixer combined

829
00:30:26,389 --> 00:30:24,960
with unity for some of my augmented

830
00:30:28,230 --> 00:30:26,399
reality stuff so there's lots of

831
00:30:30,789 --> 00:30:28,240
different programs that you need to

832
00:30:33,029 --> 00:30:30,799
combine to be able to do things

833
00:30:34,830 --> 00:30:33,039
related stealthysumo asks what kind of

834
00:30:37,669 --> 00:30:34,840
3d printing

835
00:30:40,510 --> 00:30:37,679
stereolithography uh yes so this is uh

836
00:30:42,230 --> 00:30:40,520
fused deposition modeling um it's not

837
00:30:44,149 --> 00:30:42,240
stereography but you can use

838
00:30:47,269 --> 00:30:44,159
stereolithography to achieve a similar

839
00:30:49,590 --> 00:30:47,279
effect um but the texture would come off

840
00:30:50,389 --> 00:30:49,600
sort of almost inverted

841
00:30:53,110 --> 00:30:50,399
okay

842
00:30:54,789 --> 00:30:53,120
i don't know this word but i'm assuming

843
00:30:56,310 --> 00:30:54,799
the people asking questions especially

844
00:30:57,990 --> 00:30:56,320
if you uh

845
00:30:59,430 --> 00:30:58,000
carve chunks out of a surface so that

846
00:31:01,350 --> 00:30:59,440
when you hold it up to the light you can

847
00:31:02,549 --> 00:31:01,360
look through it and you can see a 3d

848
00:31:03,990 --> 00:31:02,559
image

849
00:31:05,990 --> 00:31:04,000
so you're essentially making parts of it

850
00:31:09,750 --> 00:31:06,000
translucent to look through yeah all

851
00:31:13,110 --> 00:31:09,760
right a while ago rj the noob declared

852
00:31:14,789 --> 00:31:13,120
that's awesome i don't know exactly

853
00:31:16,470 --> 00:31:14,799
the whole thing is awesome being a nasa

854
00:31:19,430 --> 00:31:16,480
intern doing stuff to do with my

855
00:31:20,710 --> 00:31:19,440
research is all awesome

856
00:31:22,470 --> 00:31:20,720
a few more

857
00:31:25,430 --> 00:31:22,480
i could say yeah how do we get that

858
00:31:26,389 --> 00:31:25,440
awesome accent for our costume

859
00:31:27,750 --> 00:31:26,399
why don't you tell everybody where

860
00:31:29,830 --> 00:31:27,760
you're from and how you ended up here

861
00:31:31,830 --> 00:31:29,840
yeah so i'm from new zealand and i ended

862
00:31:33,190 --> 00:31:31,840
up here on a partnership with um the new

863
00:31:34,710 --> 00:31:33,200
zealand government the ministry of

864
00:31:37,110 --> 00:31:34,720
business innovation and employment in

865
00:31:39,190 --> 00:31:37,120
particular the new zealand space uh

866
00:31:42,950 --> 00:31:39,200
administration not an administration

867
00:31:43,909 --> 00:31:42,960
agency i got it confused with nasa

868
00:31:45,430 --> 00:31:43,919
yes

869
00:31:47,909 --> 00:31:45,440
understandable

870
00:31:48,870 --> 00:31:47,919
versus nasa they're very similar

871
00:31:50,870 --> 00:31:48,880
um

872
00:31:53,509 --> 00:31:50,880
yeah so uh hang out in new zealand for a

873
00:31:55,669 --> 00:31:53,519
while really relax your vocal cords lean

874
00:31:58,630 --> 00:31:55,679
into it um it helps to be a bit maori as

875
00:31:59,990 --> 00:31:58,640
well uh take items the really key thing

876
00:32:01,990 --> 00:32:00,000
if you want to be an international

877
00:32:04,789 --> 00:32:02,000
intern is really bring parts of home

878
00:32:06,470 --> 00:32:04,799
with you yeah yeah yeah you're speaking

879
00:32:09,430 --> 00:32:06,480
to someone out there wordsworth says

880
00:32:12,549 --> 00:32:09,440
nice to hear a new zealand accent yes

881
00:32:17,269 --> 00:32:15,110
all right we'll have to move on soon but

882
00:32:18,789 --> 00:32:17,279
we have a couple more um

883
00:32:21,430 --> 00:32:18,799
if you know this

884
00:32:23,190 --> 00:32:21,440
gayeskimo asks what clay types are the

885
00:32:25,269 --> 00:32:23,200
most common on mars

886
00:32:28,230 --> 00:32:25,279
do you know i don't know off the top of

887
00:32:30,549 --> 00:32:28,240
my head um that is probably something

888
00:32:32,310 --> 00:32:30,559
that that uh yeah

889
00:32:33,669 --> 00:32:32,320
more geologists would know

890
00:32:35,350 --> 00:32:33,679
part of what we're hoping to do in

891
00:32:37,029 --> 00:32:35,360
future with this is partnering with

892
00:32:38,870 --> 00:32:37,039
geologists to find out what is key to

893
00:32:40,070 --> 00:32:38,880
them with their work but one of the

894
00:32:42,310 --> 00:32:40,080
things that you face when you're

895
00:32:43,909 --> 00:32:42,320
designing for scientists is uh kind of

896
00:32:45,830 --> 00:32:43,919
what's called like the you know it when

897
00:32:48,789 --> 00:32:45,840
you see it problem it's very difficult

898
00:32:50,230 --> 00:32:48,799
to quantify what you're looking at until

899
00:32:52,149 --> 00:32:50,240
you can actually show it to somebody and

900
00:32:54,470 --> 00:32:52,159
be like is this what you wanted and they

901
00:32:56,230 --> 00:32:54,480
can be like kindness

902
00:32:58,389 --> 00:32:56,240
and then you go back and you refine it

903
00:33:00,310 --> 00:32:58,399
and you you keep updating your designs

904
00:33:02,389 --> 00:33:00,320
excellent all right

905
00:33:03,830 --> 00:33:02,399
touching zombies says she uses

906
00:33:05,430 --> 00:33:03,840
intelligence

907
00:33:07,590 --> 00:33:05,440
i would agree

908
00:33:09,669 --> 00:33:07,600
and last question before we have to let

909
00:33:12,230 --> 00:33:09,679
you go rj the new best so how many

910
00:33:13,909 --> 00:33:12,240
different angled images of that drill

911
00:33:16,149 --> 00:33:13,919
site do you need to be able to make an

912
00:33:19,750 --> 00:33:16,159
accurate 3d model i believe

913
00:33:21,830 --> 00:33:19,760
that this was just made from two um but

914
00:33:23,750 --> 00:33:21,840
there's a uh

915
00:33:26,149 --> 00:33:23,760
method of creating images that involves

916
00:33:28,789 --> 00:33:26,159
taking entire images that are rotated

917
00:33:31,190 --> 00:33:28,799
around a single rock and um thinking of

918
00:33:32,950 --> 00:33:31,200
ways to get cameras like that to remote

919
00:33:35,590 --> 00:33:32,960
places is one of the big challenges that

920
00:33:38,230 --> 00:33:35,600
the intelligent robotics group faces

921
00:33:40,870 --> 00:33:38,240
i guess so just before i go can i plug

922
00:33:43,350 --> 00:33:40,880
that you know um if you two want to be

923
00:33:46,310 --> 00:33:43,360
an intern here um the website for that

924
00:33:48,389 --> 00:33:46,320
is intern.nasa.gov if you are a domestic

925
00:33:50,950 --> 00:33:48,399
intern right um which is somebody from

926
00:33:52,950 --> 00:33:50,960
the us and if you go there and you are

927
00:33:54,549 --> 00:33:52,960
an international student who's

928
00:33:58,230 --> 00:33:54,559
interested in becoming an intern if you

929
00:34:00,549 --> 00:33:58,240
go to the uh section on um requirements

930
00:34:02,230 --> 00:34:00,559
there's a link to the page for um

931
00:34:05,350 --> 00:34:02,240
international interns which has an

932
00:34:06,789 --> 00:34:05,360
incredibly long url that i've oh

933
00:34:08,389 --> 00:34:06,799
which is why you have to do it that way

934
00:34:10,950 --> 00:34:08,399
that's fine yeah we know how to get

935
00:34:12,950 --> 00:34:10,960
there now all right excellent tip very

936
00:34:15,430 --> 00:34:12,960
good thank you for that thank you thank

937
00:34:16,950 --> 00:34:15,440
you for sharing your work yes uh i think

938
00:34:18,869 --> 00:34:16,960
we know how to recreate your look we're

939
00:34:33,030 --> 00:34:18,879
gonna tie your hair back closed shoes

940
00:34:37,349 --> 00:34:35,829
voting yeah thanks for joining us

941
00:34:38,669 --> 00:34:37,359
all right

942
00:34:41,270 --> 00:34:38,679
so yes

943
00:34:44,389 --> 00:34:41,280
intern.nasa.gov is where you want to be

944
00:34:46,790 --> 00:34:44,399
and we did a whole episode about how to

945
00:34:48,950 --> 00:34:46,800
become an intern and we met some interns

946
00:34:51,349 --> 00:34:48,960
and some full-time employees who were

947
00:34:52,869 --> 00:34:51,359
once interns so there's lots of info on

948
00:34:54,629 --> 00:34:52,879
that episode if you want to look that up

949
00:34:57,030 --> 00:34:54,639
interns are always fun all right well

950
00:34:59,589 --> 00:34:57,040
let's keep the party going let's bring

951
00:35:04,870 --> 00:34:59,599
out our next two guests come on out

952
00:35:04,880 --> 00:35:09,910
oh wow what

953
00:35:15,829 --> 00:35:12,470
is this

954
00:35:19,270 --> 00:35:15,839
i have not seen these before fantastic

955
00:35:24,230 --> 00:35:21,670
it's a little warm in there but

956
00:35:26,550 --> 00:35:24,240
pull up a chair

957
00:35:28,790 --> 00:35:26,560
join the party yes happy to have you

958
00:35:32,840 --> 00:35:28,800
thank you

959
00:35:32,850 --> 00:35:37,990
[Laughter]

960
00:35:42,550 --> 00:35:39,910
so tell us your name and what you do

961
00:35:44,790 --> 00:35:42,560
here yes my name is nettie rusboom i am

962
00:35:46,390 --> 00:35:44,800
an aerospace engineer here

963
00:35:48,150 --> 00:35:46,400
and i'm jennifer bernie and i'm also an

964
00:35:49,589 --> 00:35:48,160
aerospace engineer and netti and i both

965
00:35:51,750 --> 00:35:49,599
work in the unitary plan wind tunnel

966
00:35:53,750 --> 00:35:51,760
here at ames the wind tunnel

967
00:35:55,670 --> 00:35:53,760
yeah all right tell us first about what

968
00:35:57,670 --> 00:35:55,680
you're wearing and then so nothing i

969
00:35:59,589 --> 00:35:57,680
both have on coveralls um there's

970
00:36:01,109 --> 00:35:59,599
nothing really to the colors just two

971
00:36:03,109 --> 00:36:01,119
really nice signs and we also had two

972
00:36:04,710 --> 00:36:03,119
different kinds of respirators on the

973
00:36:06,310 --> 00:36:04,720
important part is to protect our lungs

974
00:36:08,470 --> 00:36:06,320
and eyes from the paint that we're using

975
00:36:10,310 --> 00:36:08,480
okay we also are having some uv glasses

976
00:36:12,470 --> 00:36:10,320
because we also use uv lights

977
00:36:13,349 --> 00:36:12,480
gonna have to hear all about

978
00:36:15,109 --> 00:36:13,359
can i

979
00:36:16,870 --> 00:36:15,119
bring up your respirator yeah just to

980
00:36:19,829 --> 00:36:16,880
get a look wow that's this is a full

981
00:36:21,670 --> 00:36:19,839
face respirator that's serious yeah okay

982
00:36:24,310 --> 00:36:21,680
so this is to protect you while you are

983
00:36:26,630 --> 00:36:24,320
painting yes what are you painting

984
00:36:28,870 --> 00:36:26,640
aerospace engineers that's not expected

985
00:36:30,470 --> 00:36:28,880
right no it's not normally aerodynamic

986
00:36:34,470 --> 00:36:30,480
models but specifically i think we have

987
00:36:35,349 --> 00:36:34,480
photos of we are painting rockets

988
00:36:53,109 --> 00:36:35,359
cool

989
00:36:56,950 --> 00:36:54,950
scaled models we put them in these

990
00:36:58,390 --> 00:36:56,960
facilities where the air moves over them

991
00:37:01,589 --> 00:36:58,400
if we could we would launch these

992
00:37:03,990 --> 00:37:01,599
rockets or aircraft everything um all

993
00:37:04,950 --> 00:37:04,000
the time but first we have to

994
00:37:06,310 --> 00:37:04,960
um

995
00:37:07,670 --> 00:37:06,320
first we have to model them and we put

996
00:37:09,589 --> 00:37:07,680
them in a controlled environment like

997
00:37:11,109 --> 00:37:09,599
the wind tunnel and we blow air over

998
00:37:13,430 --> 00:37:11,119
them and we measure the pressure

999
00:37:14,950 --> 00:37:13,440
distribution across the model that's at

1000
00:37:16,870 --> 00:37:14,960
the heart of what we're wanting to do

1001
00:37:19,030 --> 00:37:16,880
most wind tunnel tests okay right before

1002
00:37:20,390 --> 00:37:19,040
anybody builds it and tries to fly it

1003
00:37:22,150 --> 00:37:20,400
you're going to test it all out on a

1004
00:37:24,310 --> 00:37:22,160
little model yes we need to understand

1005
00:37:25,829 --> 00:37:24,320
it better and yes

1006
00:37:27,670 --> 00:37:25,839
the model yes

1007
00:37:29,670 --> 00:37:27,680
understanding how it acts under these

1008
00:37:31,349 --> 00:37:29,680
controlled environments

1009
00:37:32,870 --> 00:37:31,359
yeah we have several wind tunnels here

1010
00:37:39,349 --> 00:37:32,880
right and when we have the biggest in

1011
00:37:44,230 --> 00:37:41,030
but also the one that we work at it was

1012
00:37:46,230 --> 00:37:44,240
built in the 1950s before even nasa was

1013
00:37:48,470 --> 00:37:46,240
nasa it was under the naca so it has a

1014
00:37:51,829 --> 00:37:48,480
very rich history of uh you know the

1015
00:37:54,390 --> 00:37:51,839
aircraft that our predecessor the naca

1016
00:37:55,990 --> 00:37:54,400
was responsible for and then all of the

1017
00:37:58,870 --> 00:37:56,000
the space missions that have had launch

1018
00:38:00,790 --> 00:37:58,880
vehicles and of course crude missions uh

1019
00:38:02,950 --> 00:38:00,800
have been tested here yeah awesome what

1020
00:38:04,550 --> 00:38:02,960
a historic place so cool okay so you

1021
00:38:05,670 --> 00:38:04,560
guys are in there

1022
00:38:06,950 --> 00:38:05,680
painting

1023
00:38:09,109 --> 00:38:06,960
tell us about the paint because that

1024
00:38:10,710 --> 00:38:09,119
makes no sense to anybody

1025
00:38:12,630 --> 00:38:10,720
so we use a special kind of paint called

1026
00:38:14,150 --> 00:38:12,640
pressure sensitive paint it is a

1027
00:38:15,670 --> 00:38:14,160
characteristic pink color because of the

1028
00:38:17,270 --> 00:38:15,680
chemicals in the paint oh really but

1029
00:38:19,589 --> 00:38:17,280
what makes it really special is when you

1030
00:38:22,310 --> 00:38:19,599
expose it to uv light it emits or

1031
00:38:24,310 --> 00:38:22,320
fluoresces its own light as well yeah

1032
00:38:26,950 --> 00:38:24,320
yeah yeah it goes we have a picture of

1033
00:38:29,910 --> 00:38:26,960
this of one of the rocket models painted

1034
00:38:32,230 --> 00:38:29,920
yeah yeah yeah that's our

1035
00:38:34,230 --> 00:38:32,240
nasa power of pink

1036
00:38:36,630 --> 00:38:34,240
uh yes there's a you know as you can see

1037
00:38:39,109 --> 00:38:36,640
in the photo the the model to our eyes

1038
00:38:40,470 --> 00:38:39,119
is pink um you see that also the blue

1039
00:38:42,150 --> 00:38:40,480
light that's coming around and that's

1040
00:38:45,030 --> 00:38:42,160
what jenny highlighted is that we have

1041
00:38:47,510 --> 00:38:45,040
these uv lights uh look kind of blue or

1042
00:38:49,589 --> 00:38:47,520
purplish that's me there in the test

1043
00:38:52,310 --> 00:38:49,599
section so as you can tell this is a

1044
00:38:54,550 --> 00:38:52,320
scaled model of a rocket this is the

1045
00:38:55,750 --> 00:38:54,560
rocket that is project artemis this is

1046
00:38:58,390 --> 00:38:55,760
going to take the first woman and the

1047
00:38:59,829 --> 00:38:58,400
next man to the moon and on on that

1048
00:39:02,550 --> 00:38:59,839
picture and there's a place where the

1049
00:39:05,750 --> 00:39:02,560
crew will sit and so understanding how

1050
00:39:07,750 --> 00:39:05,760
that model um is designed and how it

1051
00:39:09,270 --> 00:39:07,760
will be controlled when it uh is

1052
00:39:10,150 --> 00:39:09,280
launched is very important so that's why

1053
00:39:12,390 --> 00:39:10,160
we do

1054
00:39:13,589 --> 00:39:12,400
extensive studies extensive tests and

1055
00:39:15,670 --> 00:39:13,599
and now with the pressure sensitive

1056
00:39:18,310 --> 00:39:15,680
paint uh you know we're sensing that

1057
00:39:20,390 --> 00:39:18,320
pressure over the whole vehicle which is

1058
00:39:22,710 --> 00:39:20,400
that's that's the new state of the art

1059
00:39:24,790 --> 00:39:22,720
on um what we're applying to wind tunnel

1060
00:39:26,790 --> 00:39:24,800
testing oh yeah how long does it take

1061
00:39:28,630 --> 00:39:26,800
you to paint the model

1062
00:39:30,230 --> 00:39:28,640
usually a couple hours we use these

1063
00:39:31,030 --> 00:39:30,240
spray guns and eddie has modeled over

1064
00:39:33,910 --> 00:39:31,040
here

1065
00:39:35,670 --> 00:39:33,920
and we apply a primer a base coat that's

1066
00:39:36,710 --> 00:39:35,680
white and then a red top coat that's

1067
00:39:38,790 --> 00:39:36,720
very light which is why it gets that

1068
00:39:40,630 --> 00:39:38,800
nice pink color

1069
00:39:44,310 --> 00:39:40,640
awesome i have some comments here

1070
00:39:46,230 --> 00:39:44,320
verified amy i'm in awe of all of you

1071
00:39:47,030 --> 00:39:46,240
[Laughter]

1072
00:39:49,190 --> 00:39:47,040
oh

1073
00:39:51,190 --> 00:39:49,200
relevant rj the noob have you tested any

1074
00:39:53,510 --> 00:39:51,200
models for the future artemis missions

1075
00:39:55,270 --> 00:39:53,520
yeah you're just saying that right

1076
00:39:58,069 --> 00:39:55,280
yeah that's what we're doing right now

1077
00:40:00,790 --> 00:39:58,079
is testing both uh for the crude artemis

1078
00:40:02,710 --> 00:40:00,800
missions but also the cargo to the uh uh

1079
00:40:04,069 --> 00:40:02,720
maybe a few images that you'll see on

1080
00:40:06,069 --> 00:40:04,079
the internet there are very different

1081
00:40:08,390 --> 00:40:06,079
vehicles that you use to move people uh

1082
00:40:09,990 --> 00:40:08,400
because that has a much higher level of

1083
00:40:11,829 --> 00:40:10,000
safety

1084
00:40:13,910 --> 00:40:11,839
to keep people safe but then we also

1085
00:40:15,030 --> 00:40:13,920
move you know satellites we move we're

1086
00:40:19,030 --> 00:40:15,040
going to move

1087
00:40:21,030 --> 00:40:19,040
we're going to um

1088
00:40:22,870 --> 00:40:21,040
yeah a lot of cargo so there's different

1089
00:40:25,190 --> 00:40:22,880
uh rocket

1090
00:40:27,430 --> 00:40:25,200
nose pairing shapes that we test and and

1091
00:40:29,589 --> 00:40:27,440
we actually did one very recently yes

1092
00:40:31,750 --> 00:40:29,599
yes and so that that's the rocket you're

1093
00:40:34,710 --> 00:40:31,760
talking about right which is called yes

1094
00:40:36,790 --> 00:40:34,720
this is this one is uh sm-1 uh space

1095
00:40:38,309 --> 00:40:36,800
mission one but this is yeah also part

1096
00:40:40,870 --> 00:40:38,319
of artemis right and the rocket is the

1097
00:40:42,790 --> 00:40:40,880
space launch system right and we have

1098
00:40:45,190 --> 00:40:42,800
time lapse so you guys meet again yeah

1099
00:40:47,109 --> 00:40:45,200
let's see that and you can tell us

1100
00:40:50,150 --> 00:40:47,119
to show this yeah so as you can see

1101
00:40:53,109 --> 00:40:50,160
that's our respirators on there um and

1102
00:40:54,309 --> 00:40:53,119
we're moving around the tunnel uh the

1103
00:40:55,589 --> 00:40:54,319
there's

1104
00:40:57,349 --> 00:40:55,599
you know small

1105
00:40:59,829 --> 00:40:57,359
cylindrical sections that you see there

1106
00:41:01,430 --> 00:40:59,839
at the left is are the boosters that uh

1107
00:41:03,270 --> 00:41:01,440
you know when this is uh you see

1108
00:41:05,510 --> 00:41:03,280
animations you see two boosters in this

1109
00:41:07,670 --> 00:41:05,520
core and this is gonna lift off up into

1110
00:41:09,109 --> 00:41:07,680
space so uh we take those off just for

1111
00:41:12,710 --> 00:41:09,119
painting and then we'll put them back on

1112
00:41:14,230 --> 00:41:12,720
but yeah a lot of work goes into that uh

1113
00:41:16,230 --> 00:41:14,240
you know getting a wind tunnel model

1114
00:41:18,390 --> 00:41:16,240
even just to that point and so i think

1115
00:41:19,670 --> 00:41:18,400
it's really tested yeah yeah yeah and

1116
00:41:21,430 --> 00:41:19,680
it's beautiful because it gives you a

1117
00:41:23,190 --> 00:41:21,440
really big appreciation for you know

1118
00:41:25,349 --> 00:41:23,200
when that model is on the launch pad

1119
00:41:27,109 --> 00:41:25,359
just knowing how many people had a

1120
00:41:28,630 --> 00:41:27,119
fingerprint on that model and who all

1121
00:41:32,069 --> 00:41:28,640
was involved and all the facilities of

1122
00:41:33,910 --> 00:41:32,079
nasa and you know what what rich

1123
00:41:36,230 --> 00:41:33,920
facilities technology and people that we

1124
00:41:38,790 --> 00:41:36,240
have yeah awesome

1125
00:41:40,790 --> 00:41:38,800
uh we have some more questions some to

1126
00:41:42,710 --> 00:41:40,800
review and clarify wordsworth asks what

1127
00:42:00,230 --> 00:41:42,720
makes it pink

1128
00:42:04,790 --> 00:42:02,150
special about the paint to keep dust and

1129
00:42:07,349 --> 00:42:04,800
condensation from accumulating on it

1130
00:42:09,990 --> 00:42:07,359
while in space so let's clarify do you

1131
00:42:11,589 --> 00:42:10,000
use the paint only for testing here yes

1132
00:42:12,950 --> 00:42:11,599
okay it's very particular it's just to

1133
00:42:15,190 --> 00:42:12,960
help us see how pressures are

1134
00:42:17,109 --> 00:42:15,200
distributed on the model the actual

1135
00:42:19,190 --> 00:42:17,119
rocket will be painted with real paints

1136
00:42:21,030 --> 00:42:19,200
okay not this special paint yeah yeah

1137
00:42:23,030 --> 00:42:21,040
yeah this is like high-tech it's a tool

1138
00:42:24,710 --> 00:42:23,040
right it's a pressure sensor basically

1139
00:42:26,309 --> 00:42:24,720
it is a pressure sensor and yeah so

1140
00:42:28,309 --> 00:42:26,319
traditionally we've had these uh

1141
00:42:30,390 --> 00:42:28,319
pressure sensors that are on the model

1142
00:42:33,270 --> 00:42:30,400
on the model and yeah they're they're

1143
00:42:34,790 --> 00:42:33,280
fairly fine but uh in respect to the

1144
00:42:35,990 --> 00:42:34,800
area of the model they're really coarse

1145
00:42:37,750 --> 00:42:36,000
and they're only in these discrete

1146
00:42:39,430 --> 00:42:37,760
locations so we know the pressure really

1147
00:42:40,630 --> 00:42:39,440
well there yeah but like i said at the

1148
00:42:41,670 --> 00:42:40,640
heart of a wind tunnel test you want to

1149
00:42:43,829 --> 00:42:41,680
know the pressure

1150
00:42:45,910 --> 00:42:43,839
distribution everywhere on the model so

1151
00:42:47,030 --> 00:42:45,920
yeah that's what the the pain is

1152
00:42:48,550 --> 00:42:47,040
offering and that's really where the

1153
00:42:50,390 --> 00:42:48,560
state of the art is moving it's like how

1154
00:42:51,670 --> 00:42:50,400
do we know the pressure across the whole

1155
00:42:53,750 --> 00:42:51,680
vehicle

1156
00:42:55,510 --> 00:42:53,760
in between those sensors right yeah you

1157
00:42:57,430 --> 00:42:55,520
can't yeah the pain is what helps you

1158
00:42:58,950 --> 00:42:57,440
figure out what's in between yeah

1159
00:43:00,150 --> 00:42:58,960
because the sensors are so expensive and

1160
00:43:01,829 --> 00:43:00,160
you can't put them everywhere there's

1161
00:43:03,270 --> 00:43:01,839
not enough room in certain models so

1162
00:43:05,750 --> 00:43:03,280
you'll use this paint to kind of fill in

1163
00:43:07,589 --> 00:43:05,760
those gaps yeah yeah yeah it makes sense

1164
00:43:11,030 --> 00:43:07,599
yeah um

1165
00:43:12,470 --> 00:43:11,040
sinful 7 cg these painted models that

1166
00:43:14,470 --> 00:43:12,480
you're testing for the mission are they

1167
00:43:16,550 --> 00:43:14,480
simulated in areas other than the wind

1168
00:43:18,309 --> 00:43:16,560
tunnels

1169
00:43:21,270 --> 00:43:18,319
painted models no i would say it's

1170
00:43:22,790 --> 00:43:21,280
mostly uh wind tunnel technology um you

1171
00:43:26,230 --> 00:43:22,800
know it certainly could work here on the

1172
00:43:28,230 --> 00:43:26,240
bench top but uh yeah it's i would say

1173
00:43:30,230 --> 00:43:28,240
the main application is in a wind tunnel

1174
00:43:32,230 --> 00:43:30,240
and um of course we

1175
00:43:33,829 --> 00:43:32,240
uh we apply

1176
00:43:36,630 --> 00:43:33,839
as much hardware as we can so we have

1177
00:43:38,150 --> 00:43:36,640
multiple high-speed cameras we will we

1178
00:43:39,829 --> 00:43:38,160
mount four we will start mounting eight

1179
00:43:41,589 --> 00:43:39,839
high-speed cameras around them

1180
00:43:44,069 --> 00:43:41,599
that's that's what we're capturing so

1181
00:43:45,829 --> 00:43:44,079
the the paint uh responds

1182
00:43:47,670 --> 00:43:45,839
to pressure so it's either brighter or

1183
00:43:50,069 --> 00:43:47,680
dimmer depending on the oxygen uh which

1184
00:43:52,309 --> 00:43:50,079
is the pressure and and we record that

1185
00:43:55,349 --> 00:43:52,319
with yes from the wind tunnel when it's

1186
00:43:57,510 --> 00:43:55,359
on uh the pressure over the vehicle and

1187
00:43:59,190 --> 00:43:57,520
its magnitude is changing as we change

1188
00:44:00,870 --> 00:43:59,200
conditions and so we take

1189
00:44:02,309 --> 00:44:00,880
lots of images and and then we take

1190
00:44:04,550 --> 00:44:02,319
those images and do a lot of image

1191
00:44:06,150 --> 00:44:04,560
processing to say this is uh you know

1192
00:44:07,030 --> 00:44:06,160
these main data products that you want

1193
00:44:09,349 --> 00:44:07,040
to know

1194
00:44:11,750 --> 00:44:09,359
from the from the wind tunnel test right

1195
00:44:13,670 --> 00:44:11,760
right all the data that the designers

1196
00:44:15,589 --> 00:44:13,680
yes we need to know do we need to adjust

1197
00:44:16,790 --> 00:44:15,599
this or is this good yeah that's kind of

1198
00:44:20,829 --> 00:44:16,800
yes yeah

1199
00:44:27,670 --> 00:44:24,950
right so how can we become aerospace

1200
00:44:29,750 --> 00:44:27,680
engineers for halloween

1201
00:44:31,750 --> 00:44:29,760
doing pressure sensitive paint testing

1202
00:44:32,710 --> 00:44:31,760
how can we recreate your look uh so much

1203
00:44:34,150 --> 00:44:32,720
like everyone else we're pretty

1204
00:44:35,829 --> 00:44:34,160
industrial you probably want to go to a

1205
00:44:37,349 --> 00:44:35,839
hardware store get some coveralls or a

1206
00:44:39,030 --> 00:44:37,359
paint store get something that looks

1207
00:44:40,870 --> 00:44:39,040
like a respirator something to protect

1208
00:44:42,870 --> 00:44:40,880
your eyes that's right yeah yeah yeah

1209
00:44:44,870 --> 00:44:42,880
don't forget the rest yeah

1210
00:44:46,630 --> 00:44:44,880
yeah you could channel your inner rosie

1211
00:44:48,630 --> 00:44:46,640
the riveter

1212
00:44:50,470 --> 00:44:48,640
halloween and just know that you're here

1213
00:44:53,990 --> 00:44:50,480
with us painting wind tunnel models

1214
00:44:56,390 --> 00:44:54,000
making a difference fantastic nice

1215
00:44:57,670 --> 00:44:56,400
all right well you guys can head

1216
00:44:59,270 --> 00:44:57,680
backstage and then we're going to bring

1217
00:45:01,190 --> 00:44:59,280
you all back out in a minute because

1218
00:45:05,990 --> 00:45:01,200
it's time to vote all right thank you

1219
00:45:09,910 --> 00:45:07,990
they're the coolest

1220
00:45:11,910 --> 00:45:09,920
all these jobs that i didn't even know

1221
00:45:14,150 --> 00:45:11,920
knew i didn't know before exists right

1222
00:45:16,550 --> 00:45:14,160
at nasa and really exactly what they do

1223
00:45:18,390 --> 00:45:16,560
for missions right totally cool you know

1224
00:45:19,750 --> 00:45:18,400
painting a model

1225
00:45:22,230 --> 00:45:19,760
you know figuring out how you can like

1226
00:45:24,550 --> 00:45:22,240
help to re-engineer if needed yep yep

1227
00:45:26,870 --> 00:45:24,560
the big the biggest rocket will have

1228
00:45:28,790 --> 00:45:26,880
right exactly that's what their work

1229
00:45:32,390 --> 00:45:28,800
leads into yeah it's awesome

1230
00:45:34,470 --> 00:45:32,400
but now you guys it is time to vote yes

1231
00:45:36,630 --> 00:45:34,480
so we're voting here for our favorite

1232
00:45:38,870 --> 00:45:36,640
costume in the everyday nasa looks

1233
00:45:40,470 --> 00:45:38,880
category so we're going to bring back

1234
00:45:58,710 --> 00:45:40,480
all of our guests and then you can vote

1235
00:46:04,390 --> 00:46:01,349
mechanical engineer chuck

1236
00:46:08,309 --> 00:46:06,630
excellent that's right

1237
00:46:14,150 --> 00:46:08,319
next we have

1238
00:46:18,230 --> 00:46:15,750
glasses

1239
00:46:20,069 --> 00:46:18,240
3d printed pool

1240
00:46:24,309 --> 00:46:20,079
and lastly here's another look at

1241
00:46:27,109 --> 00:46:24,319
aerospace engineers nettie and jenny

1242
00:46:31,430 --> 00:46:29,109
look at that look

1243
00:46:34,470 --> 00:46:31,440
you gotta be afraid very nice all right

1244
00:46:35,829 --> 00:46:34,480
take your looks yeah get your votes in

1245
00:46:38,309 --> 00:46:35,839
it's your last looks in there they're

1246
00:46:39,670 --> 00:46:38,319
both coming in they're coming

1247
00:46:45,589 --> 00:46:39,680
i don't want to rush it i don't want to

1248
00:46:45,599 --> 00:46:49,910
you gotta show this is your last chance

1249
00:46:54,790 --> 00:46:53,190
oh true what do we get if we win

1250
00:46:58,470 --> 00:46:54,800
mary beth asks

1251
00:47:00,390 --> 00:46:58,480
our undying respect

1252
00:47:03,030 --> 00:47:00,400
yes okay

1253
00:47:04,790 --> 00:47:03,040
ready guys i have the winner

1254
00:47:08,790 --> 00:47:04,800
it goes to

1255
00:47:13,270 --> 00:47:11,109
our aerospace engineers

1256
00:47:15,349 --> 00:47:13,280
spray painting rocket models with

1257
00:47:17,190 --> 00:47:15,359
pressure sensitive paint yes in their

1258
00:47:18,870 --> 00:47:17,200
unitary wind tunnels

1259
00:47:21,030 --> 00:47:18,880
that's right all right but you're all

1260
00:47:23,829 --> 00:47:21,040
fabulous thank you for all the winners

1261
00:47:25,589 --> 00:47:23,839
today of course yes thanks for joining

1262
00:47:30,790 --> 00:47:25,599
us today we loved hearing about your

1263
00:47:35,270 --> 00:47:32,549
fabulous

1264
00:47:37,829 --> 00:47:35,280
a quick reminder you guys that if you do

1265
00:47:40,230 --> 00:47:37,839
end up using any of these looks uh for

1266
00:47:42,390 --> 00:47:40,240
halloween we want to see them so you can

1267
00:47:44,470 --> 00:47:42,400
share your nasa inspired costumes with

1268
00:47:46,230 --> 00:47:44,480
us on social media using the hashtag

1269
00:47:48,549 --> 00:47:46,240
nasa costumes

1270
00:47:50,790 --> 00:47:48,559
yes exactly yeah i'm going to use that

1271
00:47:52,230 --> 00:47:50,800
now that i have all these costume ideas

1272
00:47:53,700 --> 00:47:52,240
i didn't have a costume as of this

1273
00:47:55,589 --> 00:47:53,710
morning but didn't either

1274
00:47:57,510 --> 00:47:55,599
[Applause]

1275
00:48:00,309 --> 00:47:57,520
so that was fabulous i'm so excited

1276
00:48:02,870 --> 00:48:00,319
about the everyday looks but now we're

1277
00:48:05,510 --> 00:48:02,880
going on to our second category which is

1278
00:48:06,390 --> 00:48:05,520
nasa inspired cosplay costumes my

1279
00:48:08,790 --> 00:48:06,400
favorite

1280
00:48:10,470 --> 00:48:08,800
do you love this this is so i love how

1281
00:48:13,030 --> 00:48:10,480
creative they get things you would never

1282
00:48:15,349 --> 00:48:13,040
imagine come out of these nasa themed

1283
00:48:17,910 --> 00:48:15,359
costumes yeah all right so cosplay

1284
00:48:20,230 --> 00:48:17,920
costumes with a nasa twist

1285
00:48:23,349 --> 00:48:20,240
let's bring out our first guest you want

1286
00:48:25,190 --> 00:48:23,359
to introduce yes so if you've watched

1287
00:48:28,069 --> 00:48:25,200
past episodes of the show you may

1288
00:48:31,030 --> 00:48:28,079
recognize the sith lord from a galaxy

1289
00:48:32,230 --> 00:48:31,040
not so far far away and i hear that if

1290
00:48:34,790 --> 00:48:32,240
you truly

1291
00:48:36,470 --> 00:48:34,800
are one with the force she may even let

1292
00:48:39,190 --> 00:48:36,480
you pray through a telescope

1293
00:48:41,349 --> 00:48:39,200
come on out darth kimberly cosplaying as

1294
00:48:42,190 --> 00:48:41,359
astrophysicists

1295
00:48:43,990 --> 00:48:42,200
an

1296
00:48:45,349 --> 00:48:44,000
astrophysicist

1297
00:48:47,930 --> 00:48:45,359
you say

1298
00:48:57,670 --> 00:48:47,940
oh no now kimberly

1299
00:49:03,109 --> 00:49:00,069
oh my gosh it's better than i ever

1300
00:49:05,430 --> 00:49:03,119
imagined very nice

1301
00:49:08,230 --> 00:49:05,440
she's got her constellations oh

1302
00:49:10,309 --> 00:49:08,240
there's the telescope because she's

1303
00:49:11,990 --> 00:49:10,319
not just a sith lover she's an

1304
00:49:13,030 --> 00:49:12,000
astrophysicist

1305
00:49:14,870 --> 00:49:13,040
yes

1306
00:49:17,750 --> 00:49:14,880
come on up kimberly

1307
00:49:20,549 --> 00:49:17,760
grab his feet can't really

1308
00:49:23,670 --> 00:49:20,559
once you de-cloak there i think people

1309
00:49:26,470 --> 00:49:23,680
might recognize you

1310
00:49:30,150 --> 00:49:26,480
you've been with us before but why don't

1311
00:49:31,750 --> 00:49:30,160
you reintroduce yourself thank you tell

1312
00:49:34,870 --> 00:49:31,760
everybody who you are and what you do

1313
00:49:37,910 --> 00:49:34,880
here james i'm kimberly ennico smith i'm

1314
00:49:40,470 --> 00:49:37,920
a research astrophysicist

1315
00:49:44,150 --> 00:49:40,480
in my cosplay as a research

1316
00:49:49,190 --> 00:49:46,630
here at nasa ames research center in

1317
00:49:51,030 --> 00:49:49,200
silicon valley california yeah awesome

1318
00:49:52,790 --> 00:49:51,040
tell us a bit about what you're wearing

1319
00:49:54,230 --> 00:49:52,800
today

1320
00:49:55,750 --> 00:49:54,240
um as

1321
00:50:26,950 --> 00:49:55,760
a

1322
00:50:28,589 --> 00:50:26,960
tell us those connections

1323
00:50:32,470 --> 00:50:28,599
the kind of research you do an

1324
00:50:35,589 --> 00:50:32,480
astrophysicist studies the universe and

1325
00:50:37,589 --> 00:50:35,599
my training has been in a type of light

1326
00:50:39,030 --> 00:50:37,599
called the infrared

1327
00:50:41,109 --> 00:50:39,040
and

1328
00:50:43,270 --> 00:50:41,119
basically i'm interested in the dark

1329
00:50:45,510 --> 00:50:43,280
universe it's where parts of the

1330
00:50:46,630 --> 00:50:45,520
universe you cannot see with visible

1331
00:50:49,349 --> 00:50:46,640
light

1332
00:50:51,670 --> 00:50:49,359
and so i've built instruments that have

1333
00:50:54,950 --> 00:50:51,680
flown on space observatories and

1334
00:50:57,990 --> 00:50:54,960
airborne observatories that exploit this

1335
00:51:00,549 --> 00:50:58,000
light and peer into the dark universe

1336
00:51:02,390 --> 00:51:00,559
the dark universe i like that

1337
00:51:04,390 --> 00:51:02,400
but an astrophysicist is all about

1338
00:51:05,589 --> 00:51:04,400
trying to understand how the universe

1339
00:51:07,030 --> 00:51:05,599
works

1340
00:51:09,510 --> 00:51:07,040
how does it evolve

1341
00:51:12,790 --> 00:51:09,520
the physics behind it the chemistry the

1342
00:51:14,230 --> 00:51:12,800
mechanisms um to explain how we are here

1343
00:51:16,390 --> 00:51:14,240
today right

1344
00:51:19,510 --> 00:51:16,400
it's a big humbling task but worthy of a

1345
00:51:21,910 --> 00:51:19,520
sith lord well that's right

1346
00:51:23,430 --> 00:51:21,920
you fit your role so well i love it yeah

1347
00:51:25,349 --> 00:51:23,440
can you tell us a bit about how you

1348
00:51:27,270 --> 00:51:25,359
explore the universe the instruments

1349
00:51:30,390 --> 00:51:27,280
that you use or create

1350
00:51:32,950 --> 00:51:30,400
um yeah so um we see the universe with

1351
00:51:36,069 --> 00:51:32,960
our eyes if you go out at night you see

1352
00:51:37,589 --> 00:51:36,079
invisible wavelengths you see stars if

1353
00:51:39,910 --> 00:51:37,599
you have access to telescopes you can

1354
00:51:42,790 --> 00:51:39,920
see a lot more detail you can see deeper

1355
00:51:44,790 --> 00:51:42,800
you can see further yeah in the infrared

1356
00:51:47,670 --> 00:51:44,800
of built instruments that have peered

1357
00:51:49,270 --> 00:51:47,680
into the cocoons of stars being formed

1358
00:51:52,069 --> 00:51:49,280
which you couldn't see with your eyes

1359
00:51:54,790 --> 00:51:52,079
and appeared into the hearts of galaxies

1360
00:51:57,190 --> 00:51:54,800
to look at black holes that are fueling

1361
00:51:58,950 --> 00:51:57,200
the galaxies and that was enabled by

1362
00:52:00,230 --> 00:51:58,960
looking at the universe in the infrared

1363
00:52:02,309 --> 00:52:00,240
okay wow

1364
00:52:04,790 --> 00:52:02,319
all that becomes possible when you're

1365
00:52:07,829 --> 00:52:04,800
not looking in only the light we can see

1366
00:52:09,750 --> 00:52:07,839
yeah so i mean the most universes is

1367
00:52:12,150 --> 00:52:09,760
revealing itself at other wavelengths

1368
00:52:14,390 --> 00:52:12,160
and today we live in exciting realm with

1369
00:52:16,069 --> 00:52:14,400
gravitational wave astronomy which is

1370
00:52:17,670 --> 00:52:16,079
opening up a new dimension to how we

1371
00:52:20,950 --> 00:52:17,680
understand the universe oh my gosh

1372
00:52:22,870 --> 00:52:20,960
exciting times to be an astrophysicist

1373
00:52:25,589 --> 00:52:22,880
we have some excitement in the chat a

1374
00:52:27,510 --> 00:52:25,599
bunch of comments for you caron says i

1375
00:52:30,950 --> 00:52:27,520
love her

1376
00:52:33,910 --> 00:52:30,960
bexart this is so nerdy and i love it

1377
00:52:36,710 --> 00:52:33,920
or no mck that dress is awesome alex the

1378
00:52:38,950 --> 00:52:36,720
unicat nerd i mean that in the most

1379
00:52:40,870 --> 00:52:38,960
affectionate way

1380
00:52:42,549 --> 00:52:40,880
well the dress is also glows in the dark

1381
00:52:44,390 --> 00:52:42,559
which is awesome

1382
00:52:45,670 --> 00:52:44,400
when you shine the lights on you turn

1383
00:52:47,829 --> 00:52:45,680
the lights off and then you have the

1384
00:52:50,309 --> 00:52:47,839
consolation oh my gosh it just got

1385
00:52:51,430 --> 00:52:50,319
better right now

1386
00:52:53,910 --> 00:52:51,440
amy

1387
00:52:55,829 --> 00:52:53,920
says first of all awesome and kimberly

1388
00:52:58,870 --> 00:52:55,839
what first you got what first got you

1389
00:53:01,430 --> 00:52:58,880
interested in your line of work wow um

1390
00:53:03,109 --> 00:53:01,440
well i was a nerd i'm a nerd today but

1391
00:53:06,069 --> 00:53:03,119
i'm a happy nerd yeah and i was a nerd

1392
00:53:08,470 --> 00:53:06,079
when i was a child and um i i got my

1393
00:53:10,630 --> 00:53:08,480
first telescope um when i was about

1394
00:53:12,630 --> 00:53:10,640
seven or eight years old i saved up my

1395
00:53:15,910 --> 00:53:12,640
um allowance money

1396
00:53:17,910 --> 00:53:15,920
and um i was recently reminded of

1397
00:53:19,430 --> 00:53:17,920
finding some journals i kept as a young

1398
00:53:22,150 --> 00:53:19,440
young child where i would take my

1399
00:53:24,309 --> 00:53:22,160
telescope out and i would plot the stars

1400
00:53:26,069 --> 00:53:24,319
and i would plot the moons of jupiter

1401
00:53:29,109 --> 00:53:26,079
and i was very conscious of how

1402
00:53:31,190 --> 00:53:29,119
beautiful the night sky is and um

1403
00:53:33,670 --> 00:53:31,200
we live in cities and night skies are

1404
00:53:35,910 --> 00:53:33,680
not as dark as more but you go camping

1405
00:53:36,549 --> 00:53:35,920
or you get away from the city lights it

1406
00:53:39,990 --> 00:53:36,559
is

1407
00:53:42,630 --> 00:53:40,000
just transformative i think to realize

1408
00:53:45,990 --> 00:53:42,640
we're on this little planet in such a

1409
00:53:48,069 --> 00:53:46,000
beautiful universe and all those stars

1410
00:53:49,750 --> 00:53:48,079
all harbor planets as well which has

1411
00:53:50,950 --> 00:53:49,760
been so transformative in the last

1412
00:53:52,549 --> 00:53:50,960
decade to learn that there's more

1413
00:53:53,750 --> 00:53:52,559
planets than stars out there that's

1414
00:53:55,750 --> 00:53:53,760
incredible

1415
00:53:56,710 --> 00:53:55,760
wow do you want to tell us some more

1416
00:53:58,230 --> 00:53:56,720
about

1417
00:54:00,870 --> 00:53:58,240
observatories and telescopes where

1418
00:54:03,270 --> 00:54:00,880
you've worked on instruments or

1419
00:54:04,790 --> 00:54:03,280
so i cut my teeth on

1420
00:54:06,549 --> 00:54:04,800
building an instrument for the spitzer

1421
00:54:07,990 --> 00:54:06,559
space telescope that was launched about

1422
00:54:10,069 --> 00:54:08,000
a decade ago it's just nearing the end

1423
00:54:11,430 --> 00:54:10,079
of its mission and that revealed the

1424
00:54:13,430 --> 00:54:11,440
infrared universe that we had not

1425
00:54:15,670 --> 00:54:13,440
explored these um very longer

1426
00:54:17,430 --> 00:54:15,680
wavelengths and we had learned a lot

1427
00:54:19,589 --> 00:54:17,440
about new types of phenomena and then i

1428
00:54:21,589 --> 00:54:19,599
built an instrument for a flying

1429
00:54:24,150 --> 00:54:21,599
observatory which also does infrared

1430
00:54:26,870 --> 00:54:24,160
observatory so sophia it's the world's

1431
00:54:28,630 --> 00:54:26,880
largest flying infrared observatory

1432
00:54:29,829 --> 00:54:28,640
today yeah that's got a plane with a

1433
00:54:34,950 --> 00:54:29,839
telescope

1434
00:54:36,470 --> 00:54:34,960
also revealed and i built a spectrometer

1435
00:54:38,069 --> 00:54:36,480
for that one and that was all about

1436
00:54:39,670 --> 00:54:38,079
understanding the chemical fingerprints

1437
00:54:42,630 --> 00:54:39,680
as you know trying to understand the

1438
00:54:44,870 --> 00:54:42,640
makeup of the universe

1439
00:54:48,789 --> 00:54:44,880
and um the community is very excited

1440
00:54:51,190 --> 00:54:48,799
about the most ambitious infrared space

1441
00:54:53,589 --> 00:54:51,200
telescope to be launched in about a year

1442
00:54:55,349 --> 00:54:53,599
and a half from now not too long james

1443
00:54:56,710 --> 00:54:55,359
webb space telescope

1444
00:54:59,109 --> 00:54:56,720
yeah

1445
00:55:00,630 --> 00:54:59,119
the james webb is a successor to hubble

1446
00:55:02,870 --> 00:55:00,640
i didn't mention hubble hubble's an

1447
00:55:04,309 --> 00:55:02,880
amazing observatory right now and just

1448
00:55:05,270 --> 00:55:04,319
transformed the way we understand the

1449
00:55:06,870 --> 00:55:05,280
universe

1450
00:55:08,470 --> 00:55:06,880
that has worked in the ultraviolet

1451
00:55:10,150 --> 00:55:08,480
invisible with a little bit of infrared

1452
00:55:12,069 --> 00:55:10,160
but it's been most sensitive and the

1453
00:55:15,109 --> 00:55:12,079
show demonstrated the power

1454
00:55:17,430 --> 00:55:15,119
of putting a telescope in space oh yes

1455
00:55:20,069 --> 00:55:17,440
james webb is very different

1456
00:55:21,430 --> 00:55:20,079
and james webb is going to be the

1457
00:55:24,630 --> 00:55:21,440
biggest

1458
00:55:27,430 --> 00:55:24,640
observatory we have put in space wow

1459
00:55:30,230 --> 00:55:27,440
um a collecting area almost seven times

1460
00:55:32,710 --> 00:55:30,240
larger than hubble with a sensitivity a

1461
00:55:33,589 --> 00:55:32,720
hundred times more sensitive than hubble

1462
00:55:36,230 --> 00:55:33,599
that's

1463
00:55:38,710 --> 00:55:36,240
hubble is already incredible with the

1464
00:55:39,829 --> 00:55:38,720
images it gives us but what's going to

1465
00:55:43,190 --> 00:55:39,839
be

1466
00:55:44,390 --> 00:55:43,200
what gets me excited about james webb

1467
00:55:47,349 --> 00:55:44,400
it's

1468
00:55:49,829 --> 00:55:47,359
the first time we've had a telescope to

1469
00:55:53,109 --> 00:55:49,839
look at the birth of galaxies we have

1470
00:55:54,390 --> 00:55:53,119
never had an observatory that can look

1471
00:55:56,390 --> 00:55:54,400
that deep

1472
00:55:58,870 --> 00:55:56,400
um into the universe because of its

1473
00:56:01,030 --> 00:55:58,880
sensitivity and also exploiting the

1474
00:56:04,789 --> 00:56:01,040
infrared to peer deeper into the

1475
00:56:07,349 --> 00:56:04,799
universe uh that will potentially catch

1476
00:56:09,349 --> 00:56:07,359
the birth of galaxies

1477
00:56:10,549 --> 00:56:09,359
we will see very beginnings baby

1478
00:56:29,750 --> 00:56:10,559
galaxies

1479
00:56:32,470 --> 00:56:31,430
work themselves out

1480
00:56:34,870 --> 00:56:32,480
um the

1481
00:56:36,870 --> 00:56:34,880
baby or the birth of galaxies is very

1482
00:56:38,069 --> 00:56:36,880
unknown one of the biggest unknown

1483
00:56:39,030 --> 00:56:38,079
questions

1484
00:56:41,670 --> 00:56:39,040
is

1485
00:56:44,470 --> 00:56:41,680
you know how do the galaxies form and

1486
00:56:46,309 --> 00:56:44,480
one in particular

1487
00:56:48,789 --> 00:56:46,319
we now have observed over the last

1488
00:56:51,270 --> 00:56:48,799
couple of decades that

1489
00:56:54,630 --> 00:56:51,280
all the large massive galaxies are

1490
00:56:56,390 --> 00:56:54,640
fueled by a supermassive black hole

1491
00:56:58,549 --> 00:56:56,400
these are black holes

1492
00:57:00,549 --> 00:56:58,559
that are thousands to millions to

1493
00:57:03,750 --> 00:57:00,559
billions of solar masses these are

1494
00:57:05,750 --> 00:57:03,760
incredible beasts wow we have no idea

1495
00:57:07,750 --> 00:57:05,760
how they form

1496
00:57:11,349 --> 00:57:07,760
nor do we know whether you need a

1497
00:57:14,309 --> 00:57:11,359
supermassive black hole to form a galaxy

1498
00:57:17,190 --> 00:57:14,319
or whether the galaxy as it got massive

1499
00:57:19,030 --> 00:57:17,200
for the super massive black hole wow we

1500
00:57:21,910 --> 00:57:19,040
have a chicken and egg

1501
00:57:23,349 --> 00:57:21,920
dilemma so james webb

1502
00:57:26,069 --> 00:57:23,359
is gonna

1503
00:57:29,190 --> 00:57:26,079
tell us oh my gosh wow did black holes

1504
00:57:31,270 --> 00:57:29,200
come first right or did gallows

1505
00:57:32,630 --> 00:57:31,280
wow yeah i didn't even realize that we

1506
00:57:34,150 --> 00:57:32,640
didn't know these things we didn't know

1507
00:57:36,309 --> 00:57:34,160
these things

1508
00:57:38,630 --> 00:57:36,319
so much more to learn right yeah yeah i

1509
00:57:42,230 --> 00:57:38,640
think we have an animation we do of

1510
00:57:44,630 --> 00:57:42,240
james webb space telescope yeah

1511
00:57:46,630 --> 00:57:44,640
this is a um the most going to be the

1512
00:57:49,349 --> 00:57:46,640
largest space telescope ever launched

1513
00:57:53,510 --> 00:57:49,359
it's going to launch in march of 2021

1514
00:57:55,910 --> 00:57:53,520
you see a 18 um segmented primary mirror

1515
00:57:59,510 --> 00:57:55,920
that's coated in gold the diameter is

1516
00:58:01,589 --> 00:57:59,520
6.5 meters about the height of a giraffe

1517
00:58:04,470 --> 00:58:01,599
the um the bottom part that looks

1518
00:58:06,309 --> 00:58:04,480
silverly purple is a sun shade the sun

1519
00:58:07,349 --> 00:58:06,319
shades about the size of the tennis

1520
00:58:09,829 --> 00:58:07,359
court

1521
00:58:12,789 --> 00:58:09,839
this is going to be launched to an orbit

1522
00:58:15,069 --> 00:58:12,799
around the sun a million miles from

1523
00:58:17,990 --> 00:58:15,079
earth wow i mean hubble right now is at

1524
00:58:19,670 --> 00:58:18,000
375 miles from earth so this is a very

1525
00:58:22,309 --> 00:58:19,680
different way of running a space

1526
00:58:24,789 --> 00:58:22,319
telescope with its large aperture and

1527
00:58:26,710 --> 00:58:24,799
its um ability to look in the infrared

1528
00:58:29,030 --> 00:58:26,720
it's cooled um this

1529
00:58:31,670 --> 00:58:29,040
gives it a lot more sensitivity

1530
00:58:36,789 --> 00:58:31,680
and um yes it's going to really reveal

1531
00:58:41,190 --> 00:58:39,190
and not to play up the star wars thing

1532
00:58:44,549 --> 00:58:41,200
it is going to bring

1533
00:58:47,190 --> 00:58:44,559
galaxies far far away

1534
00:58:49,990 --> 00:58:47,200
very much closer to home and it's really

1535
00:58:52,950 --> 00:58:50,000
an observatory about the first stars and

1536
00:58:55,510 --> 00:58:52,960
the first galaxies wow amazing yeah what

1537
00:58:58,069 --> 00:58:55,520
a good story i can't wait now i always

1538
00:58:59,670 --> 00:58:58,079
love and kimberly i know i love

1539
00:59:01,589 --> 00:58:59,680
hearing you speak

1540
00:59:03,829 --> 00:59:01,599
uh but before we have to let you go

1541
00:59:05,670 --> 00:59:03,839
let's get a couple questions in here uh

1542
00:59:07,190 --> 00:59:05,680
valasparkle asks what's the coolest

1543
00:59:08,309 --> 00:59:07,200
thing that you ever saw looking into

1544
00:59:11,109 --> 00:59:08,319
space

1545
00:59:14,150 --> 00:59:11,119
okay wow can you name just one is that

1546
00:59:16,710 --> 00:59:14,160
it's difficult um i was very privileged

1547
00:59:19,910 --> 00:59:16,720
to um work on the new horizons mission

1548
00:59:22,069 --> 00:59:19,920
that flew by pluto in 2015. i was one of

1549
00:59:25,589 --> 00:59:22,079
the deputy project science fair

1550
00:59:27,430 --> 00:59:25,599
and to actually see a world that had

1551
00:59:30,069 --> 00:59:27,440
been just 10 pixels in the hubble space

1552
00:59:32,549 --> 00:59:30,079
telescope camera very blurry and have it

1553
00:59:34,549 --> 00:59:32,559
come into life and to full color

1554
00:59:37,750 --> 00:59:34,559
showing glaciers

1555
00:59:39,270 --> 00:59:37,760
was the most unexpected phenomena that

1556
00:59:40,870 --> 00:59:39,280
no one had expected now i know it's

1557
00:59:43,190 --> 00:59:40,880
closer to home rather than the black

1558
00:59:45,990 --> 00:59:43,200
holes and the exotic dark matter dark

1559
00:59:47,109 --> 00:59:46,000
energy that is shaping our larger

1560
00:59:49,589 --> 00:59:47,119
universe

1561
00:59:52,309 --> 00:59:49,599
it's like the fact that we have a lot

1562
00:59:54,870 --> 00:59:52,319
yet to still discover in our home

1563
00:59:57,589 --> 00:59:54,880
backyard oh yeah yeah yeah um so that

1564
00:59:59,109 --> 00:59:57,599
was just phenomena i we no one expected

1565
01:00:01,510 --> 00:59:59,119
that's amazing your science has taken

1566
01:00:02,789 --> 01:00:01,520
you near and far hasn't it yeah well

1567
01:00:04,390 --> 01:00:02,799
we studied the universe we want to

1568
01:00:06,789 --> 01:00:04,400
understand and plus when we understand

1569
01:00:09,750 --> 01:00:06,799
that there are more planets than stars

1570
01:00:11,190 --> 01:00:09,760
stars hosting lots of these exoplanets

1571
01:00:13,030 --> 01:00:11,200
and trying to understand our solar

1572
01:00:14,630 --> 01:00:13,040
system in context and we have a

1573
01:00:16,870 --> 01:00:14,640
laboratory here trying to send our own

1574
01:00:18,870 --> 01:00:16,880
solar system but then we have thousands

1575
01:00:20,630 --> 01:00:18,880
and now millions of solar systems yet to

1576
01:00:23,349 --> 01:00:20,640
be explored that's right

1577
01:00:24,870 --> 01:00:23,359
there's so much more to do exciting all

1578
01:00:26,950 --> 01:00:24,880
right well

1579
01:00:28,549 --> 01:00:26,960
i guess our last question for you is how

1580
01:00:31,670 --> 01:00:28,559
could we recreate your look for

1581
01:00:34,950 --> 01:00:31,680
halloween well um go to a fabric store

1582
01:00:37,990 --> 01:00:34,960
and make a black cloak yes

1583
01:00:39,829 --> 01:00:38,000
um for my dress um i just looked for a

1584
01:00:42,549 --> 01:00:39,839
constellation dress online it's been

1585
01:00:44,630 --> 01:00:42,559
great at parties conversation starter

1586
01:00:47,510 --> 01:00:44,640
for the lightsaber i borrowed one off a

1587
01:00:48,870 --> 01:00:47,520
friend's teenage um child

1588
01:00:50,309 --> 01:00:48,880
that's a good song but if you want to

1589
01:00:53,190 --> 01:00:50,319
make one at home

1590
01:00:55,349 --> 01:00:53,200
just take a clear plastic tube

1591
01:00:56,470 --> 01:00:55,359
and attach it to a flashlight with some

1592
01:00:59,510 --> 01:00:56,480
duct tape

1593
01:01:01,510 --> 01:00:59,520
and i've learned that if i uh if i uh

1594
01:01:03,589 --> 01:01:01,520
sanded the outer side of the just to

1595
01:01:05,109 --> 01:01:03,599
make it look more opaque i created some

1596
01:01:06,390 --> 01:01:05,119
diffusion effect and i was able to

1597
01:01:09,270 --> 01:01:06,400
scattering light effect and i got to see

1598
01:01:11,670 --> 01:01:09,280
my lightsaber just a tube and a duct

1599
01:01:13,430 --> 01:01:11,680
tape and uh perfect do it yourself

1600
01:01:15,750 --> 01:01:13,440
project for halloween right right

1601
01:01:17,190 --> 01:01:15,760
totally doable i think all right well

1602
01:01:19,829 --> 01:01:17,200
thanks for the tips and also the

1603
01:01:21,829 --> 01:01:19,839
wonderful stories about your science yes

1604
01:01:24,069 --> 01:01:21,839
love it and exploring the universe yes

1605
01:01:26,870 --> 01:01:24,079
and may the force be with oh and

1606
01:01:29,829 --> 01:01:26,880
absolutely with all of us yes thanks for

1607
01:01:31,750 --> 01:01:29,839
just we learned about the dark universe

1608
01:01:33,270 --> 01:01:31,760
fabulous well thank you and we will

1609
01:01:35,430 --> 01:01:33,280
bring you back out later when it's time

1610
01:01:38,870 --> 01:01:35,440
to vote on our favorite costumes yeah

1611
01:01:40,150 --> 01:01:38,880
thank you thank you really fabulous and

1612
01:01:41,270 --> 01:01:40,160
you could just listen to kimberly all

1613
01:01:42,789 --> 01:01:41,280
day couldn't you i mean really you

1614
01:01:45,510 --> 01:01:42,799
really could yes

1615
01:01:46,789 --> 01:01:45,520
yes and just be mesmerized yes

1616
01:02:04,150 --> 01:01:46,799
you know you almost feel like you're

1617
01:02:08,150 --> 01:02:06,230
this pair boldly goes through their work

1618
01:02:10,789 --> 01:02:08,160
day advancing the science of flight at

1619
01:02:13,990 --> 01:02:10,799
our flight simulator facilities come on

1620
01:02:16,230 --> 01:02:14,000
out sumeeta and emily cosplaying as

1621
01:02:19,589 --> 01:02:16,240
nasa's starfleet command

1622
01:02:26,470 --> 01:02:22,630
very nice oh yeah

1623
01:02:29,029 --> 01:02:26,480
hey come on up here have a seat

1624
01:02:31,109 --> 01:02:29,039
you look so good yes

1625
01:02:33,750 --> 01:02:31,119
and i love that you have these costumes

1626
01:02:35,270 --> 01:02:33,760
me too of course those

1627
01:02:36,549 --> 01:02:35,280
trek

1628
01:02:38,069 --> 01:02:36,559
costumes

1629
01:02:39,990 --> 01:02:38,079
perfect

1630
01:02:41,750 --> 01:02:40,000
so do you guys want to tell us your name

1631
01:02:44,630 --> 01:02:41,760
and what you do

1632
01:02:46,829 --> 01:02:44,640
hi i'm sumeda and i work at the flight

1633
01:02:49,510 --> 01:02:46,839
simulation labs as outreach and

1634
01:02:51,750 --> 01:02:49,520
communications nice and my name is emily

1635
01:02:54,390 --> 01:02:51,760
lewis i'm a simulation engineer

1636
01:02:56,230 --> 01:02:54,400
contractor at uh sim labs at here at

1637
01:02:58,390 --> 01:02:56,240
nasa ames all right you're going to tell

1638
01:03:00,470 --> 01:02:58,400
us lots more about that

1639
01:03:03,910 --> 01:03:00,480
i know what you're wearing

1640
01:03:05,270 --> 01:03:03,920
star trek uniforms uh but tell us why

1641
01:03:07,990 --> 01:03:05,280
because i know there's a connection to

1642
01:03:10,069 --> 01:03:08,000
your work here uh yes so as a kid i

1643
01:03:12,470 --> 01:03:10,079
watched star trek uh growing up with my

1644
01:03:14,710 --> 01:03:12,480
dad at the reruns and i was really

1645
01:03:17,829 --> 01:03:14,720
inspired by lieutenant uhura

1646
01:03:20,950 --> 01:03:17,839
the communications officer and so my

1647
01:03:23,270 --> 01:03:20,960
costume is uh similar to that and

1648
01:03:26,069 --> 01:03:23,280
you know of course uh star trek uh with

1649
01:03:28,630 --> 01:03:26,079
its uh mission to do discovery and

1650
01:03:30,870 --> 01:03:28,640
explore is um you know very similar to

1651
01:03:33,270 --> 01:03:30,880
kind of what our mission is at the

1652
01:03:35,349 --> 01:03:33,280
simulation facilities to advance science

1653
01:03:37,109 --> 01:03:35,359
for that for that reason yeah it makes

1654
01:03:39,029 --> 01:03:37,119
perfect sense

1655
01:03:40,870 --> 01:03:39,039
and i'm wearing a next generation star

1656
01:03:43,349 --> 01:03:40,880
trek costume and i fell in love with

1657
01:03:44,870 --> 01:03:43,359
star trek um when next generation was on

1658
01:03:46,950 --> 01:03:44,880
when i was in college so i watched in

1659
01:03:49,670 --> 01:03:46,960
college and i found the vision of star

1660
01:03:51,910 --> 01:03:49,680
trek and its positive approach to space

1661
01:03:53,829 --> 01:03:51,920
exploration and tech technology really

1662
01:03:55,510 --> 01:03:53,839
inspiring and that's one of the main

1663
01:03:57,190 --> 01:03:55,520
reasons that i decided to study

1664
01:03:59,029 --> 01:03:57,200
aerospace engineering and why also i'm

1665
01:04:01,270 --> 01:03:59,039
really happy to be working on nasa here

1666
01:04:03,430 --> 01:04:01,280
yeah and one other connection that we

1667
01:04:06,230 --> 01:04:03,440
have between star trek and where we work

1668
01:04:07,670 --> 01:04:06,240
at the simulation laboratory uh is that

1669
01:04:09,270 --> 01:04:07,680
star trek has a holodeck if you're

1670
01:04:10,829 --> 01:04:09,280
familiar with it the holodeck is kind of

1671
01:04:12,390 --> 01:04:10,839
a really cool

1672
01:04:14,950 --> 01:04:12,400
high-tech

1673
01:04:16,950 --> 01:04:14,960
virtual reality simulation facility yeah

1674
01:04:19,430 --> 01:04:16,960
and you know we don't have a holodeck

1675
01:04:21,190 --> 01:04:19,440
but we are thinking about including vr

1676
01:04:23,910 --> 01:04:21,200
uh sometime in the future but we are

1677
01:04:26,390 --> 01:04:23,920
advancing uh aerospace technologies and

1678
01:04:28,950 --> 01:04:26,400
we are supporting the development of the

1679
01:04:31,510 --> 01:04:28,960
next generation aircraft and spacecraft

1680
01:04:33,510 --> 01:04:31,520
yeah yeah yeah right so tell us what

1681
01:04:35,589 --> 01:04:33,520
the simulation labs means you guys have

1682
01:04:37,270 --> 01:04:35,599
a flight simulator right why don't you

1683
01:04:39,270 --> 01:04:37,280
tell everybody about that one so the

1684
01:04:42,069 --> 01:04:39,280
flight simulator can really um become

1685
01:04:44,470 --> 01:04:42,079
any aircraft or spacecraft and to test

1686
01:04:47,430 --> 01:04:44,480
out new designs do research for

1687
01:04:48,870 --> 01:04:47,440
uh you know any kind of new aircraft and

1688
01:04:50,710 --> 01:04:48,880
uh maybe emily can tell us a little bit

1689
01:04:53,029 --> 01:04:50,720
more about the vertical motion simulator

1690
01:04:54,309 --> 01:04:53,039
because that's where she's at yeah yeah

1691
01:04:56,069 --> 01:04:54,319
the simulation laboratories has the

1692
01:04:58,470 --> 01:04:56,079
several facilities and the vertical

1693
01:05:01,430 --> 01:04:58,480
motion simulator is where i work most of

1694
01:05:03,510 --> 01:05:01,440
the time we call that the vms and the

1695
01:05:05,349 --> 01:05:03,520
vertical motion simulator the vms uh is

1696
01:05:07,109 --> 01:05:05,359
the largest um

1697
01:05:09,589 --> 01:05:07,119
so it's a full motion

1698
01:05:11,349 --> 01:05:09,599
real-time piloted simulation facility

1699
01:05:13,190 --> 01:05:11,359
and it has the largest vertical motion

1700
01:05:16,549 --> 01:05:13,200
space of any ground-based simulator in

1701
01:05:18,710 --> 01:05:16,559
the world amazing yes and so it is

1702
01:05:20,390 --> 01:05:18,720
designed to be reconfigurable and

1703
01:05:23,990 --> 01:05:20,400
customizable and so we can basically

1704
01:05:25,990 --> 01:05:24,000
simulate any you know vehicle real or

1705
01:05:28,309 --> 01:05:26,000
not real notional uh that you need to

1706
01:05:31,829 --> 01:05:28,319
set it really so yeah yeah so sometimes

1707
01:05:36,950 --> 01:05:31,839
it can be a boat or it could be a plane

1708
01:05:42,069 --> 01:05:39,430
it can be a spacecraft we've done um

1709
01:05:45,910 --> 01:05:42,079
we've done helicopters you know jets

1710
01:05:47,910 --> 01:05:45,920
transports and we did a bobsled wow i

1711
01:05:50,470 --> 01:05:47,920
didn't work on that one

1712
01:05:52,230 --> 01:05:50,480
yeah they actually dropped some

1713
01:06:09,990 --> 01:05:52,240
fruit flies once to see how they would

1714
01:06:11,910 --> 01:06:10,789
and

1715
01:06:14,069 --> 01:06:11,920
as i said it's the largest vertical

1716
01:06:15,109 --> 01:06:14,079
motion simulator of any in the world it

1717
01:06:18,789 --> 01:06:15,119
can move

1718
01:06:24,630 --> 01:06:18,799
plus 60 feet vertically and

1719
01:06:29,589 --> 01:06:27,589
and we it offers six we call it six

1720
01:06:31,990 --> 01:06:29,599
degrees of six uncoupled degrees of

1721
01:06:33,750 --> 01:06:32,000
freedom and i'll explain what that means

1722
01:06:37,829 --> 01:06:33,760
uh in a minute when the video is done

1723
01:06:41,029 --> 01:06:37,839
yeah okay okay so we have this model

1724
01:06:42,870 --> 01:06:41,039
uh of one of our our vms cabs

1725
01:06:45,589 --> 01:06:42,880
and just to give you a perspective the

1726
01:06:48,150 --> 01:06:45,599
the pilots sit inside this cab and this

1727
01:06:49,829 --> 01:06:48,160
might fit maybe three or four people and

1728
01:06:51,829 --> 01:06:49,839
inside the cab

1729
01:06:53,750 --> 01:06:51,839
would be configured to be whatever

1730
01:06:56,150 --> 01:06:53,760
vehicle you wanted to simulate

1731
01:06:59,349 --> 01:06:56,160
and the vms would sit in that 10 story

1732
01:07:01,270 --> 01:06:59,359
tower and it sits along a beam that

1733
01:07:03,990 --> 01:07:01,280
is what goes along the the axis of the

1734
01:07:04,789 --> 01:07:04,000
40-foot long beam b moves up and down

1735
01:07:06,470 --> 01:07:04,799
uh

1736
01:07:08,470 --> 01:07:06,480
to give the vertical motion and then the

1737
01:07:09,349 --> 01:07:08,480
cav moves along the beam for the lateral

1738
01:07:10,950 --> 01:07:09,359
motion

1739
01:07:12,950 --> 01:07:10,960
and then it moves perpendicular to the

1740
01:07:14,230 --> 01:07:12,960
beam for the longitudinal motion and

1741
01:07:15,190 --> 01:07:14,240
that's the three translational degrees

1742
01:07:17,349 --> 01:07:15,200
of freedom

1743
01:07:20,069 --> 01:07:17,359
and then it also sits on a

1744
01:07:21,829 --> 01:07:20,079
hydraulic gimbal system to provide the

1745
01:07:23,190 --> 01:07:21,839
rotations and so

1746
01:07:26,150 --> 01:07:23,200
this is the front of the cab so the

1747
01:07:28,069 --> 01:07:26,160
rotational axis would be roll

1748
01:07:30,950 --> 01:07:28,079
and then this would be pitch yeah and

1749
01:07:32,789 --> 01:07:30,960
yeah okay and when we say six uncouple

1750
01:07:34,390 --> 01:07:32,799
degrees of freedom what we mean is that

1751
01:07:36,870 --> 01:07:34,400
for instance if it has a long a large

1752
01:07:38,470 --> 01:07:36,880
deflection in one axis it doesn't have

1753
01:07:55,430 --> 01:07:38,480
it doesn't reduce the amount of travel

1754
01:07:59,349 --> 01:07:56,870
sure and we've had

1755
01:08:18,630 --> 01:07:59,359
several astronauts train at the

1756
01:08:23,349 --> 01:08:20,870
it's important for us to live long and

1757
01:08:25,030 --> 01:08:23,359
prosper

1758
01:08:27,749 --> 01:08:25,040
and so uh building a plane and

1759
01:08:29,829 --> 01:08:27,759
simulation is obviously a lot safer and

1760
01:08:31,910 --> 01:08:29,839
it's more cost effective and so they can

1761
01:08:34,550 --> 01:08:31,920
test out the new ideas test out new

1762
01:08:37,110 --> 01:08:34,560
procedures see how we want to do this

1763
01:08:38,950 --> 01:08:37,120
before actually flying in real life yeah

1764
01:08:41,269 --> 01:08:38,960
awesome and then you've had astronauts

1765
01:08:43,910 --> 01:08:41,279
training in that yeah every single uh

1766
01:08:45,749 --> 01:08:43,920
shuttle um pilot trained at the vertical

1767
01:08:48,309 --> 01:08:45,759
motion simulator for landing yes

1768
01:08:50,789 --> 01:08:48,319
fantastic what a claim to fame

1769
01:08:51,990 --> 01:08:50,799
and the shuttle pilots who flew at the

1770
01:08:53,349 --> 01:08:52,000
simulator and then actually flew in

1771
01:08:55,590 --> 01:08:53,359
space and came back said that the

1772
01:08:57,829 --> 01:08:55,600
simulator really represented what they

1773
01:08:59,430 --> 01:08:57,839
felt accurately so oh wow really good

1774
01:09:02,149 --> 01:08:59,440
that's really impressive yeah for a

1775
01:09:04,789 --> 01:09:02,159
facility on the ground yeah that has to

1776
01:09:06,789 --> 01:09:04,799
make it up right right exactly yeah

1777
01:09:09,189 --> 01:09:06,799
well we have some comments and questions

1778
01:09:11,990 --> 01:09:09,199
yeah yes we have

1779
01:09:14,950 --> 01:09:12,000
amy here uh says my question is how are

1780
01:09:21,910 --> 01:09:16,870
i'm sure you're talking about tomato

1781
01:09:25,990 --> 01:09:24,390
working here is so awesome and uh with

1782
01:09:28,470 --> 01:09:26,000
the artemis mission

1783
01:09:30,550 --> 01:09:28,480
coming up sending the first woman and

1784
01:09:33,189 --> 01:09:30,560
next man to walk on the surface of the

1785
01:09:35,590 --> 01:09:33,199
moon that is super exciting super cool

1786
01:09:37,110 --> 01:09:35,600
in 2024 yes

1787
01:09:40,709 --> 01:09:37,120
yeah i think that leads us into a

1788
01:09:43,349 --> 01:09:40,719
question too from from the chat uh rg rj

1789
01:09:45,590 --> 01:09:43,359
the noob uh did they test any landing

1790
01:09:47,510 --> 01:09:45,600
simulations for any lunar landers

1791
01:09:49,669 --> 01:09:47,520
uh yes that's a great question glad i'm

1792
01:09:52,149 --> 01:09:49,679
glad you asked that because we've had

1793
01:09:54,550 --> 01:09:52,159
several lunar lander studies done

1794
01:09:57,189 --> 01:09:54,560
and what they learned is that landing

1795
01:09:59,830 --> 01:09:57,199
the moon is uh very

1796
01:10:01,750 --> 01:09:59,840
difficult from a control point of view

1797
01:10:04,870 --> 01:10:01,760
and so motion-based simulation is

1798
01:10:06,709 --> 01:10:04,880
critical for um analyzing and testing

1799
01:10:09,990 --> 01:10:06,719
and making sure that the next generation

1800
01:10:11,830 --> 01:10:10,000
lunar lander will um be uh be a really

1801
01:10:12,709 --> 01:10:11,840
great for the artemis astronauts here

1802
01:10:14,229 --> 01:10:12,719
wow

1803
01:10:16,870 --> 01:10:14,239
that's amazing that you can simulate

1804
01:10:18,630 --> 01:10:16,880
that as well i know right yeah i think

1805
01:10:20,470 --> 01:10:18,640
we have a video of this as well with the

1806
01:10:22,070 --> 01:10:20,480
little anderson how great oh fabulous

1807
01:10:22,870 --> 01:10:22,080
you've got one excellent i want to see

1808
01:10:24,630 --> 01:10:22,880
that

1809
01:10:26,950 --> 01:10:24,640
the lunar lander zoom

1810
01:10:28,950 --> 01:10:26,960
yes this is the lunar lander simulation

1811
01:10:32,630 --> 01:10:28,960
cab the interior of it so you can see

1812
01:10:35,030 --> 01:10:32,640
the um the displays there and there's me

1813
01:10:37,669 --> 01:10:35,040
it looks like the moon up there uh yeah

1814
01:10:39,510 --> 01:10:37,679
yeah so so we have the moon simulated uh

1815
01:10:41,430 --> 01:10:39,520
there for the landing and you can see

1816
01:10:43,430 --> 01:10:41,440
the bird's eye view over here and so the

1817
01:10:45,510 --> 01:10:43,440
researchers actually get to have

1818
01:10:47,750 --> 01:10:45,520
many different points of view at this

1819
01:10:50,390 --> 01:10:47,760
research facility so they can really

1820
01:10:52,310 --> 01:10:50,400
test um and see from all angles see how

1821
01:10:54,950 --> 01:10:52,320
they might want to make improvements

1822
01:10:57,270 --> 01:10:54,960
and and make those changes in the future

1823
01:10:58,950 --> 01:10:57,280
awesome that's awesome yeah so great

1824
01:11:02,070 --> 01:10:58,960
yeah all right

1825
01:11:04,870 --> 01:11:02,080
2024. yeah

1826
01:11:07,270 --> 01:11:04,880
got the countdown here right

1827
01:11:09,830 --> 01:11:07,280
so we're gonna have to keep moving and

1828
01:11:11,350 --> 01:11:09,840
have our next contenders come on but how

1829
01:11:12,470 --> 01:11:11,360
can we recreate your looks do you guys

1830
01:11:14,310 --> 01:11:12,480
have advice

1831
01:11:16,630 --> 01:11:14,320
uh well

1832
01:11:19,030 --> 01:11:16,640
what's really uh nice about the original

1833
01:11:21,350 --> 01:11:19,040
star trek series is the costumes are

1834
01:11:23,430 --> 01:11:21,360
pretty simple you can get a

1835
01:11:26,950 --> 01:11:23,440
boldly colored shirt maybe

1836
01:11:28,790 --> 01:11:26,960
red or blue add some ribbon to the cuffs

1837
01:11:31,110 --> 01:11:28,800
maybe add a black shirt underneath that

1838
01:11:32,149 --> 01:11:31,120
peeks out so you can simulate having the

1839
01:11:34,630 --> 01:11:32,159
trim

1840
01:11:36,070 --> 01:11:34,640
you stimulate everything simulate

1841
01:11:38,470 --> 01:11:36,080
and then uh you know maybe add black

1842
01:11:41,750 --> 01:11:38,480
boots uh black pants of course you want

1843
01:11:44,790 --> 01:11:41,760
to have a star trek pin or you can 3d

1844
01:11:46,149 --> 01:11:44,800
print your own communicator if you like

1845
01:11:48,390 --> 01:11:46,159
and then you'll have your starfleet

1846
01:11:50,470 --> 01:11:48,400
uniform excellent nice that's good

1847
01:11:52,630 --> 01:11:50,480
advice yeah all right

1848
01:11:54,950 --> 01:11:52,640
well thank you thank you for joining us

1849
01:11:56,870 --> 01:11:54,960
has been fascinating and we will can i

1850
01:11:58,790 --> 01:11:56,880
say one more star trek thing without a

1851
01:12:00,630 --> 01:11:58,800
simulation i just wanted to say that if

1852
01:12:02,550 --> 01:12:00,640
you want to uh boldly go where no one

1853
01:12:04,390 --> 01:12:02,560
has gone before yeah and do it safely

1854
01:12:06,390 --> 01:12:04,400
then you need to include simulation in

1855
01:12:09,270 --> 01:12:06,400
your design process absolutely

1856
01:12:11,510 --> 01:12:09,280
absolutely yeah be true thank you this

1857
01:12:13,270 --> 01:12:11,520
has been really cool and we'll see you

1858
01:12:14,950 --> 01:12:13,280
in a little bit thank you thanks for

1859
01:12:16,149 --> 01:12:14,960
coming thanks

1860
01:12:19,669 --> 01:12:16,159
all right

1861
01:12:22,070 --> 01:12:19,679
i love the variety of costumes and

1862
01:12:24,709 --> 01:12:22,080
yeah fields of study and techniques

1863
01:12:26,630 --> 01:12:24,719
these guys use also just like they can

1864
01:12:28,229 --> 01:12:26,640
like clear connections to like pop

1865
01:12:30,709 --> 01:12:28,239
culture stuff like you know star wars

1866
01:12:32,310 --> 01:12:30,719
star trek it's just like so easy to

1867
01:12:34,830 --> 01:12:32,320
connect yeah i don't think these are

1868
01:12:37,750 --> 01:12:34,840
that much of a stretch no not at all

1869
01:12:40,149 --> 01:12:37,760
astrophysicism i mean who hasn't met one

1870
01:12:42,390 --> 01:12:40,159
of those

1871
01:12:44,630 --> 01:12:42,400
okay so should we go to yeah you want to

1872
01:12:46,950 --> 01:12:44,640
bring on the next one okay yes so we

1873
01:12:48,790 --> 01:12:46,960
have an intro as well so she is the

1874
01:12:51,270 --> 01:12:48,800
daughter of zeus and twin sister of

1875
01:12:53,430 --> 01:12:51,280
apollo now this greek goddess shares the

1876
01:12:55,750 --> 01:12:53,440
name of our program that will return

1877
01:12:58,470 --> 01:12:55,760
humans to the moon come on out daisy

1878
01:13:00,950 --> 01:12:58,480
cosplaying as artemis

1879
01:13:07,270 --> 01:13:00,960
let's see this

1880
01:13:14,310 --> 01:13:09,430
[Music]

1881
01:13:18,870 --> 01:13:16,950
keep that handy great thank you come on

1882
01:13:20,550 --> 01:13:18,880
right up here

1883
01:13:22,310 --> 01:13:20,560
yeah it's hard to see yeah

1884
01:13:24,310 --> 01:13:22,320
there's a nice moon you got there thank

1885
01:13:26,149 --> 01:13:24,320
you so much go ahead and get out of the

1886
01:13:27,910 --> 01:13:26,159
way here why don't you introduce

1887
01:13:29,590 --> 01:13:27,920
yourself and tell everybody what you do

1888
01:13:31,750 --> 01:13:29,600
here yeah so my name is daisy stock and

1889
01:13:33,510 --> 01:13:31,760
i'm an intern in the exobiology branch

1890
01:13:34,870 --> 01:13:33,520
um and we're concerned with origin of

1891
01:13:36,950 --> 01:13:34,880
life chemistry

1892
01:13:39,189 --> 01:13:36,960
yeah so cool

1893
01:13:40,790 --> 01:13:39,199
well tell us about your outfit i'm

1894
01:13:42,630 --> 01:13:40,800
dressed as you guys gave me an awesome

1895
01:13:44,470 --> 01:13:42,640
preamble too as artemis who is the

1896
01:13:46,470 --> 01:13:44,480
goddess of the moon and the twin sister

1897
01:13:48,470 --> 01:13:46,480
of apollo as well as the namesake for

1898
01:13:50,950 --> 01:13:48,480
nasa's next program that will take us to

1899
01:13:52,950 --> 01:13:50,960
the moon yep yep yep exactly the artemis

1900
01:13:55,189 --> 01:13:52,960
program sending the next man and the

1901
01:13:56,470 --> 01:13:55,199
first woman by 2020 yeah it's such an

1902
01:13:59,030 --> 01:13:56,480
exciting time to be getting involved

1903
01:14:01,270 --> 01:13:59,040
here yeah yeah good time for you too

1904
01:14:04,470 --> 01:14:01,280
yeah seriously

1905
01:14:06,630 --> 01:14:04,480
yeah just waltz right in and it happened

1906
01:14:07,910 --> 01:14:06,640
good timing good timing why don't you

1907
01:14:09,189 --> 01:14:07,920
talk about your research here what are

1908
01:14:10,790 --> 01:14:09,199
you working on yeah so right now i'm

1909
01:14:12,229 --> 01:14:10,800
studying meteorites we study um

1910
01:14:13,510 --> 01:14:12,239
extraterrestrial samples that have

1911
01:14:15,750 --> 01:14:13,520
fallen to earth

1912
01:14:17,350 --> 01:14:15,760
and we look for organic known compounds

1913
01:14:18,790 --> 01:14:17,360
that we can look at and kind of get a

1914
01:14:20,870 --> 01:14:18,800
sense for what was going on in the

1915
01:14:23,110 --> 01:14:20,880
universe about or our solar system at

1916
01:14:26,830 --> 01:14:23,120
least about 4.6 billion years ago wow

1917
01:14:29,030 --> 01:14:26,840
yeah is that when the earth was coming

1918
01:14:30,630 --> 01:14:29,040
together planetary creation

1919
01:14:32,550 --> 01:14:30,640
making the solar system happen and some

1920
01:14:34,310 --> 01:14:32,560
of those chunks kind of got like stuck

1921
01:14:36,070 --> 01:14:34,320
floating around in space and are in

1922
01:14:38,390 --> 01:14:36,080
orbit in our solar system and sometimes

1923
01:14:40,310 --> 01:14:38,400
one will land on earth for us to study

1924
01:14:41,990 --> 01:14:40,320
outstanding yeah

1925
01:14:43,990 --> 01:14:42,000
uh we i think we have a photo did you

1926
01:14:45,110 --> 01:14:44,000
bring a photo of him i did yeah i

1927
01:14:47,189 --> 01:14:45,120
brought a photo of myself with the

1928
01:14:48,870 --> 01:14:47,199
merchant meteorite oh wow yeah so that's

1929
01:14:50,310 --> 01:14:48,880
a sample that we have we don't get a lot

1930
01:14:52,630 --> 01:14:50,320
of the meteorite at any one time because

1931
01:14:54,870 --> 01:14:52,640
it's very precious and very rare oh yeah

1932
01:14:56,149 --> 01:14:54,880
this particular meteorite came crashing

1933
01:15:01,110 --> 01:14:56,159
through the roof of someone's barn in

1934
01:15:05,030 --> 01:15:02,390
but it was good because we were able to

1935
01:15:06,950 --> 01:15:05,040
get to it very quickly and preserve it

1936
01:15:09,510 --> 01:15:06,960
um so it's not very contaminated it's

1937
01:15:11,350 --> 01:15:09,520
really good for study wow and was that

1938
01:15:13,830 --> 01:15:11,360
dust from it was that it ground up in

1939
01:15:16,070 --> 01:15:13,840
there yeah yeah so um it was a bigger

1940
01:15:18,390 --> 01:15:16,080
meteorite uh it fragmented before it hit

1941
01:15:19,110 --> 01:15:18,400
earth and um that is a little fragment

1942
01:15:20,870 --> 01:15:19,120
of

1943
01:15:21,590 --> 01:15:20,880
the fragment that fell in there

1944
01:15:22,870 --> 01:15:21,600
yeah

1945
01:15:24,950 --> 01:15:22,880
so we have just little bits of it that

1946
01:15:27,030 --> 01:15:24,960
we're able to perform tests on with our

1947
01:15:29,189 --> 01:15:27,040
instruments and get a sense of what it's

1948
01:15:31,110 --> 01:15:29,199
made of okay yeah what's the big

1949
01:15:34,070 --> 01:15:31,120
question you're trying to answer with

1950
01:15:36,950 --> 01:15:34,080
your work so we're trying to answer the

1951
01:15:38,229 --> 01:15:36,960
origin of life um yeah it all begins

1952
01:15:39,669 --> 01:15:38,239
yeah when did it all begin so we're

1953
01:15:41,510 --> 01:15:39,679
looking for different compounds that

1954
01:15:44,310 --> 01:15:41,520
could have brought the building blocks

1955
01:15:46,470 --> 01:15:44,320
to earth to start of like kickstart life

1956
01:15:47,750 --> 01:15:46,480
okay right yeah yeah do you plan to

1957
01:15:49,110 --> 01:15:47,760
figure that out by the end of your

1958
01:15:50,630 --> 01:15:49,120
internship yeah

1959
01:15:54,070 --> 01:15:50,640
eight weeks so i think i can get it done

1960
01:15:58,310 --> 01:15:55,990
thank you thank you

1961
01:16:00,870 --> 01:15:58,320
amy in the chat looks

1962
01:16:03,430 --> 01:16:00,880
shocks and says very cool

1963
01:16:04,470 --> 01:16:03,440
thank you amy cool yeah yeah we have a

1964
01:16:07,110 --> 01:16:04,480
lot of fun

1965
01:16:09,030 --> 01:16:07,120
so you told us a funny story the other

1966
01:16:12,070 --> 01:16:09,040
day that you happen to know what

1967
01:16:14,470 --> 01:16:12,080
meteorites smell like yeah i i do that

1968
01:16:15,830 --> 01:16:14,480
again so my first day in my internship i

1969
01:16:17,669 --> 01:16:15,840
showed up and i was filled with nerves

1970
01:16:20,390 --> 01:16:17,679
and i was really excited and just like

1971
01:16:22,390 --> 01:16:20,400
just so pumped to be here and i meet my

1972
01:16:23,750 --> 01:16:22,400
mentor for the first time and he takes

1973
01:16:24,950 --> 01:16:23,760
out the sample and says you know this is

1974
01:16:27,189 --> 01:16:24,960
like the most precious thing that we

1975
01:16:28,630 --> 01:16:27,199
have in this lab like it's so expensive

1976
01:16:30,630 --> 01:16:28,640
we have so many tests to run on it and

1977
01:16:32,149 --> 01:16:30,640
so many questions about it he takes off

1978
01:16:34,229 --> 01:16:32,159
the cap and puts it under my nose and

1979
01:16:36,229 --> 01:16:34,239
says what does it smell like huh and i

1980
01:16:37,830 --> 01:16:36,239
was like is it okay is this the science

1981
01:16:40,070 --> 01:16:37,840
fair okay yeah let's do it and it

1982
01:16:42,709 --> 01:16:40,080
smelled like soil like

1983
01:16:43,990 --> 01:16:42,719
soil after it rains oh really yeah so

1984
01:16:45,669 --> 01:16:44,000
it's interesting i got to learn that

1985
01:16:51,350 --> 01:16:45,679
space smells like dirt

1986
01:16:55,830 --> 01:16:53,830
uh rj the noob has a question for you uh

1987
01:16:58,070 --> 01:16:55,840
what elements in the meteorites have you

1988
01:16:59,590 --> 01:16:58,080
found that are building blocks for life

1989
01:17:01,669 --> 01:16:59,600
um so previously people have been

1990
01:17:03,189 --> 01:17:01,679
looking at amino acids in the meteorites

1991
01:17:05,910 --> 01:17:03,199
and we're looking at a group of

1992
01:17:07,350 --> 01:17:05,920
compounds called carboxylic acids

1993
01:17:09,030 --> 01:17:07,360
um

1994
01:17:10,229 --> 01:17:09,040
so yeah if you don't think about organic

1995
01:17:11,990 --> 01:17:10,239
chemistry

1996
01:17:13,990 --> 01:17:12,000
are they related to amino acids they are

1997
01:17:15,669 --> 01:17:14,000
yes oh okay yeah okay so some kind of

1998
01:17:16,790 --> 01:17:15,679
like building block of the building

1999
01:17:19,510 --> 01:17:16,800
block of the building block doesn't look

2000
01:17:22,790 --> 01:17:19,520
good yeah exactly yeah that's awesome

2001
01:17:24,790 --> 01:17:22,800
yeah um and a related question yeah two

2002
01:17:26,550 --> 01:17:24,800
what kinds of tests do you do on the

2003
01:17:27,830 --> 01:17:26,560
meteors to see where they come from um

2004
01:17:30,149 --> 01:17:27,840
so right now we're doing ion

2005
01:17:32,229 --> 01:17:30,159
chromatography and gas chromatography

2006
01:17:33,830 --> 01:17:32,239
mass spectrometry so basically we take

2007
01:17:35,669 --> 01:17:33,840
the meteorites and we make them into a

2008
01:17:37,030 --> 01:17:35,679
little solution and get them all

2009
01:17:39,110 --> 01:17:37,040
prepared and inject them into these

2010
01:17:40,870 --> 01:17:39,120
machines that are able to tell us the

2011
01:17:42,709 --> 01:17:40,880
retention times of the different

2012
01:17:45,910 --> 01:17:42,719
compounds within the sample and then

2013
01:17:47,750 --> 01:17:45,920
we're able to run what we expect to find

2014
01:17:49,750 --> 01:17:47,760
it to compare that to to kind of get a

2015
01:17:52,149 --> 01:17:49,760
sense of like if it really is what we

2016
01:17:54,709 --> 01:17:52,159
think it is and how much is in there and

2017
01:17:56,709 --> 01:17:54,719
questions like that wow yeah that's very

2018
01:17:59,270 --> 01:17:56,719
cool thank you this is really great for

2019
01:18:00,470 --> 01:17:59,280
an internship yeah serious work very

2020
01:18:03,350 --> 01:18:00,480
pleased yeah

2021
01:18:04,870 --> 01:18:03,360
awesome yeah um do you have any tips for

2022
01:18:06,709 --> 01:18:04,880
anybody or could you tell us a little

2023
01:18:09,229 --> 01:18:06,719
bit about how you applied and got in

2024
01:18:11,350 --> 01:18:09,239
yeah so like lindley i went to

2025
01:18:13,510 --> 01:18:11,360
intern.nasa.gov where undergraduates

2026
01:18:15,030 --> 01:18:13,520
graduates and high schoolers i believe

2027
01:18:17,510 --> 01:18:15,040
too can um

2028
01:18:18,950 --> 01:18:17,520
can all apply for a nasa internship and

2029
01:18:20,550 --> 01:18:18,960
you just get to go on and kind of like

2030
01:18:23,350 --> 01:18:20,560
look for what projects interest you my

2031
01:18:26,149 --> 01:18:23,360
advice would be to not like pigeonhole

2032
01:18:27,510 --> 01:18:26,159
yourself into one special like focus uh

2033
01:18:29,510 --> 01:18:27,520
this is the first formal training i've

2034
01:18:30,709 --> 01:18:29,520
had in organic chemistry and i think the

2035
01:18:32,870 --> 01:18:30,719
only reason i'm here is just because i

2036
01:18:34,790 --> 01:18:32,880
put myself out there so i'd say

2037
01:18:35,990 --> 01:18:34,800
definitely like jump for things that you

2038
01:18:37,750 --> 01:18:36,000
want to do or you're interested in

2039
01:18:39,590 --> 01:18:37,760
because the scientists here they're

2040
01:18:41,030 --> 01:18:39,600
interested in educating the future of

2041
01:18:42,070 --> 01:18:41,040
science so

2042
01:18:43,990 --> 01:18:42,080
it's a great device

2043
01:18:45,669 --> 01:18:44,000
great awesome story an awesome

2044
01:18:47,590 --> 01:18:45,679
researcher thank you

2045
01:18:49,430 --> 01:18:47,600
very excited very cool

2046
01:18:51,910 --> 01:18:49,440
all right well before you go can you

2047
01:18:54,229 --> 01:18:51,920
give some tips on recreating your look

2048
01:18:56,070 --> 01:18:54,239
so my look starting with the crown i

2049
01:18:58,470 --> 01:18:56,080
made it out of a christmas decoration

2050
01:18:59,590 --> 01:18:58,480
that i sacrificed

2051
01:19:00,950 --> 01:18:59,600
sometimes you got to do that from

2052
01:19:02,870 --> 01:19:00,960
halloween

2053
01:19:04,229 --> 01:19:02,880
you can go to goodwill to find they have

2054
01:19:05,430 --> 01:19:04,239
a lot of things like this like capes

2055
01:19:07,270 --> 01:19:05,440
during the

2056
01:19:09,590 --> 01:19:07,280
halloween season

2057
01:19:11,750 --> 01:19:09,600
i made this out of a sheet it's like a

2058
01:19:13,350 --> 01:19:11,760
little tunic there yeah and i i don't

2059
01:19:15,350 --> 01:19:13,360
know if you could have seen but i

2060
01:19:16,950 --> 01:19:15,360
decided to give our modern artemis uh

2061
01:19:22,709 --> 01:19:16,960
hiking pants because i think she

2062
01:19:26,709 --> 01:19:25,350
yeah definitely and for the moon uh

2063
01:19:28,550 --> 01:19:26,719
which you're the goddess of when you're

2064
01:19:30,470 --> 01:19:28,560
artemis that's right you can make this

2065
01:19:33,189 --> 01:19:30,480
out of tin foil paper mache and a

2066
01:19:35,270 --> 01:19:33,199
balloon you know paint yeah or 3d

2067
01:19:37,750 --> 01:19:35,280
printed if that's something you can do

2068
01:19:38,630 --> 01:19:37,760
all kinds of ways really yeah just get

2069
01:19:41,189 --> 01:19:38,640
creative

2070
01:19:42,870 --> 01:19:41,199
all right sweet thank you thank you so

2071
01:19:44,870 --> 01:19:42,880
much for having me all right we'll see

2072
01:19:46,310 --> 01:19:44,880
you in a little bit

2073
01:19:48,149 --> 01:19:46,320
all right

2074
01:19:50,070 --> 01:19:48,159
another cool one i'm always amazed by

2075
01:19:51,669 --> 01:19:50,080
our interns isn't it cool the meteorite

2076
01:19:52,709 --> 01:19:51,679
came just like landed in someone's barn

2077
01:19:56,470 --> 01:19:52,719
i know

2078
01:19:57,990 --> 01:19:56,480
you wake up the next morning like oh

2079
01:20:00,149 --> 01:19:58,000
i didn't expect that to be there i know

2080
01:20:02,550 --> 01:20:00,159
you're a farmer you've known no reason

2081
01:20:05,189 --> 01:20:02,560
to expect nasa to come knocking but

2082
01:20:07,669 --> 01:20:05,199
you've got a meteor in your barn

2083
01:20:10,629 --> 01:20:07,679
all right well let's move on you guys to

2084
01:20:12,950 --> 01:20:10,639
our last contenders

2085
01:20:15,510 --> 01:20:12,960
last but certainly not least this

2086
01:20:18,149 --> 01:20:15,520
remarkable duo just made history by

2087
01:20:21,030 --> 01:20:18,159
venturing outside together in the vacuum

2088
01:20:23,669 --> 01:20:21,040
of space come on out lauren and nicole

2089
01:20:24,770 --> 01:20:23,679
cosplaying as the first all-woman

2090
01:20:26,629 --> 01:20:24,780
spacewalk

2091
01:20:28,310 --> 01:20:26,639
[Music]

2092
01:20:30,830 --> 01:20:28,320
yeah

2093
01:20:32,470 --> 01:20:30,840
hello oh my gosh

2094
01:20:35,030 --> 01:20:32,480
what

2095
01:20:39,350 --> 01:20:37,510
i had no idea

2096
01:20:40,790 --> 01:20:39,360
you were gonna be following me cool you

2097
01:20:44,070 --> 01:20:40,800
guys

2098
01:20:46,550 --> 01:20:44,080
come right on up here my gosh

2099
01:20:48,070 --> 01:20:46,560
i'm so impressed yeah thank you i am too

2100
01:20:50,709 --> 01:20:48,080
i'm curious how we're going to recreate

2101
01:20:53,350 --> 01:20:50,719
that but we will come to that later

2102
01:20:55,189 --> 01:20:53,360
don't ruin it

2103
01:20:58,390 --> 01:20:55,199
okay so tell us your names and tell us

2104
01:21:01,830 --> 01:20:58,400
what you do here at ames yeah so my name

2105
01:21:03,990 --> 01:21:01,840
is nicole carter and this is i'm lauren

2106
01:21:07,030 --> 01:21:04,000
abbott i'm a material scientist and i am

2107
01:21:08,310 --> 01:21:07,040
a ceramic engineer material engineer

2108
01:21:09,910 --> 01:21:08,320
wow

2109
01:21:11,990 --> 01:21:09,920
we're both part of the material thermal

2110
01:21:13,669 --> 01:21:12,000
protection materials branch system

2111
01:21:15,669 --> 01:21:13,679
yeah so yeah as you mentioned so we're

2112
01:21:17,910 --> 01:21:15,679
here to celebrate the first all women

2113
01:21:20,310 --> 01:21:17,920
space walk yeah yeah yeah

2114
01:21:21,990 --> 01:21:20,320
yeah so astronauts christina cook and

2115
01:21:24,070 --> 01:21:22,000
jessica meer just completed this last

2116
01:21:26,310 --> 01:21:24,080
week uh the first time that we've had a

2117
01:21:27,750 --> 01:21:26,320
spacewalk completed by just women and

2118
01:21:29,270 --> 01:21:27,760
you know we were so pumped about it that

2119
01:21:30,470 --> 01:21:29,280
we wanted to dress up to celebrate

2120
01:21:33,030 --> 01:21:30,480
awesome so this is the perfect

2121
01:21:34,870 --> 01:21:33,040
opportunity for that it is yeah i mean

2122
01:21:37,030 --> 01:21:34,880
right around the corner it works out

2123
01:21:40,149 --> 01:21:37,040
well we have a photo of these two

2124
01:21:41,450 --> 01:21:40,159
astronauts yeah everybody oh yeah look

2125
01:21:43,830 --> 01:21:41,460
at that

2126
01:21:45,350 --> 01:21:43,840
[Laughter]

2127
01:21:47,189 --> 01:21:45,360
yeah i believe they live streamed the

2128
01:21:49,270 --> 01:21:47,199
spacewalk on twitch right so i don't

2129
01:21:50,470 --> 01:21:49,280
know it was pretty early that's awesome

2130
01:21:52,310 --> 01:21:50,480
it was really early in the morning but i

2131
01:21:53,669 --> 01:21:52,320
caught the end of it nice nice yeah i

2132
01:21:54,950 --> 01:21:53,679
think you can go back and see it if you

2133
01:21:57,110 --> 01:21:54,960
missed it

2134
01:21:58,149 --> 01:21:57,120
seven hours i think oh yeah yeah that's

2135
01:22:00,070 --> 01:21:58,159
right that's right yeah it's very

2136
01:22:02,870 --> 01:22:00,080
demanding a lot of it is isn't it

2137
01:22:04,870 --> 01:22:02,880
tedious work and in the vacuum exhaust

2138
01:22:07,350 --> 01:22:04,880
yeah yeah that's amazing

2139
01:22:09,510 --> 01:22:07,360
cool all right well tell us how that

2140
01:22:11,430 --> 01:22:09,520
relates to the work you do i don't think

2141
01:22:13,910 --> 01:22:11,440
you're asking unfortunately

2142
01:22:16,709 --> 01:22:13,920
as much as we would really maybe awesome

2143
01:22:18,229 --> 01:22:16,719
to be astronauts one day but uh no so we

2144
01:22:19,990 --> 01:22:18,239
actually work on materials that help

2145
01:22:21,510 --> 01:22:20,000
keep astronauts safe

2146
01:22:22,950 --> 01:22:21,520
so nicole mentioned we work on thermal

2147
01:22:25,270 --> 01:22:22,960
protection materials and those are

2148
01:22:27,110 --> 01:22:25,280
materials that go into heat shields that

2149
01:22:28,870 --> 01:22:27,120
uh protect the spacecraft when coming

2150
01:22:30,470 --> 01:22:28,880
back into atmosphere and earth so they

2151
01:22:32,229 --> 01:22:30,480
keep the astronauts safe when they

2152
01:22:33,590 --> 01:22:32,239
re-enter earth's atmosphere all right

2153
01:22:35,910 --> 01:22:33,600
yeah it gets up to pretty high

2154
01:22:38,470 --> 01:22:35,920
temperatures like you know yeah i think

2155
01:22:40,790 --> 01:22:38,480
we even have a model so here is that

2156
01:22:42,470 --> 01:22:40,800
here's the like the spacecraft coming

2157
01:22:43,510 --> 01:22:42,480
back into earth and the heat shield

2158
01:22:44,870 --> 01:22:43,520
would be

2159
01:22:46,070 --> 01:22:44,880
right on the front of that spacecraft

2160
01:22:48,229 --> 01:22:46,080
because they're going through different

2161
01:22:49,350 --> 01:22:48,239
atmospheres you get a lot of heat coming

2162
01:22:53,110 --> 01:22:49,360
through

2163
01:22:55,910 --> 01:22:53,120
um pushing up against that uh spacecraft

2164
01:22:58,390 --> 01:22:55,920
right and so the temperature materials

2165
01:23:00,470 --> 01:22:58,400
that we use are able to

2166
01:23:01,990 --> 01:23:00,480
either push that heat away or just

2167
01:23:03,669 --> 01:23:02,000
insulate it just like kind of stuff and

2168
01:23:05,669 --> 01:23:03,679
that goes in your walls at home it's

2169
01:23:07,270 --> 01:23:05,679
just an insulation type of material oh

2170
01:23:09,510 --> 01:23:07,280
yeah to keep things cool to keep the

2171
01:23:11,510 --> 01:23:09,520
astronauts from yeah right now

2172
01:23:13,350 --> 01:23:11,520
keep the structure intact that kind of

2173
01:23:14,629 --> 01:23:13,360
stuff yeah same idea just really

2174
01:23:16,070 --> 01:23:14,639
high-tech

2175
01:23:16,950 --> 01:23:16,080
insulation

2176
01:23:19,270 --> 01:23:16,960
yes

2177
01:23:21,510 --> 01:23:19,280
yeah it's not a typical uh

2178
01:23:23,270 --> 01:23:21,520
type of environment that we happen to

2179
01:23:25,750 --> 01:23:23,280
see on earth very often it's kind of a

2180
01:23:27,350 --> 01:23:25,760
space specialty right yeah we actually

2181
01:23:29,110 --> 01:23:27,360
have a couple

2182
01:23:32,470 --> 01:23:29,120
samples of the materials that are get

2183
01:23:35,270 --> 01:23:32,480
used wow awesome cool

2184
01:23:37,990 --> 01:23:35,280
we have some gloves if you wanted to uh

2185
01:23:39,430 --> 01:23:38,000
hold on to them but

2186
01:23:41,350 --> 01:23:39,440
you may want to take a glove just

2187
01:24:01,030 --> 01:23:41,360
because they have a little bit of

2188
01:24:06,149 --> 01:24:03,669
a carbon ablator and a blader is

2189
01:24:07,669 --> 01:24:06,159
something that when it heats up it

2190
01:24:09,830 --> 01:24:07,679
creates a chemical reaction that

2191
01:24:12,229 --> 01:24:09,840
actually throws off heat

2192
01:24:14,070 --> 01:24:12,239
away from the spacecraft so you can see

2193
01:24:15,270 --> 01:24:14,080
it's really light right so obviously

2194
01:24:17,030 --> 01:24:15,280
when we're sending stuff to space we

2195
01:24:19,750 --> 01:24:17,040
want to keep it nice and light because

2196
01:24:21,270 --> 01:24:19,760
every every pound matters yeah so if we

2197
01:24:23,350 --> 01:24:21,280
can keep the heat shield light it gives

2198
01:24:25,270 --> 01:24:23,360
us more more space to put other things

2199
01:24:27,270 --> 01:24:25,280
and more weight that we can

2200
01:24:28,950 --> 01:24:27,280
you know do in science experiments and

2201
01:24:31,430 --> 01:24:28,960
that kind of stuff yeah so that yellow

2202
01:24:33,189 --> 01:24:31,440
is the phenolic resin that we use and

2203
01:24:34,790 --> 01:24:33,199
then the car the block that you see in

2204
01:24:36,790 --> 01:24:34,800
there is that carbon

2205
01:24:38,629 --> 01:24:36,800
yeah so so one thing we do as a material

2206
01:24:40,149 --> 01:24:38,639
scientist is we try to understand the

2207
01:24:42,709 --> 01:24:40,159
microstructure of the material so we

2208
01:24:45,430 --> 01:24:42,719
have here this is a 3d printed

2209
01:24:47,030 --> 01:24:45,440
microstructure of the carbon fibers that

2210
01:24:48,709 --> 01:24:47,040
are in pika and obviously this isn't a

2211
01:24:50,390 --> 01:24:48,719
scale right right

2212
01:24:51,590 --> 01:24:50,400
made it big so you can actually see it i

2213
01:24:53,510 --> 01:24:51,600
don't know if we can get a close-up of

2214
01:24:56,229 --> 01:24:53,520
you can take a look at that if you hold

2215
01:24:57,590 --> 01:24:56,239
it here actually

2216
01:25:00,629 --> 01:24:57,600
so we can get closer of that you can see

2217
01:25:02,070 --> 01:25:00,639
all the carbon fibers that are uh making

2218
01:25:03,910 --> 01:25:02,080
up the substrate of that and so these

2219
01:25:05,510 --> 01:25:03,920
carbon fibers are on the scale of

2220
01:25:07,270 --> 01:25:05,520
microns so it's kind of like the

2221
01:25:09,110 --> 01:25:07,280
thickness of your hair oh wow so that

2222
01:25:10,790 --> 01:25:09,120
would be a good comparison so these are

2223
01:25:12,629 --> 01:25:10,800
obviously much bigger but this is what

2224
01:25:14,629 --> 01:25:12,639
the carbon fiber substrate looks like in

2225
01:25:17,270 --> 01:25:14,639
pika and we infuse that with the

2226
01:25:18,950 --> 01:25:17,280
phenolic resin how cool wow

2227
01:25:20,310 --> 01:25:18,960
why are we wearing gloves

2228
01:25:22,629 --> 01:25:20,320
yeah so it's like to protect it or

2229
01:25:24,229 --> 01:25:22,639
protect it you can see a little bit

2230
01:25:26,070 --> 01:25:24,239
yeah a little bit of stuff comes off of

2231
01:25:28,070 --> 01:25:26,080
it right i got some dust and you might

2232
01:25:29,590 --> 01:25:28,080
see a little bit of yellow on it so it's

2233
01:25:31,270 --> 01:25:29,600
you just don't want it to getting into

2234
01:25:33,350 --> 01:25:31,280
your skin it's got little carbon pieces

2235
01:25:34,790 --> 01:25:33,360
in it okay just to keep you safe nice

2236
01:25:37,430 --> 01:25:34,800
and protection so you would use this

2237
01:25:40,709 --> 01:25:37,440
material for a heat shield yeah so this

2238
01:25:42,070 --> 01:25:40,719
one yeah this one is good for uh so

2239
01:25:44,709 --> 01:25:42,080
because it's ablative as nicole

2240
01:25:46,470 --> 01:25:44,719
mentioned it it decomposes on re-entry

2241
01:25:48,629 --> 01:25:46,480
so it takes away the heat from the

2242
01:25:50,229 --> 01:25:48,639
spacecraft and it's not reusable so it's

2243
01:25:52,229 --> 01:25:50,239
something we would only use one time

2244
01:25:55,590 --> 01:25:52,239
yeah and then it would be thrown away

2245
01:25:58,870 --> 01:25:55,600
but we do have re uh reusable gps let me

2246
01:26:01,110 --> 01:25:58,880
put this one away reusable tps reusable

2247
01:26:02,629 --> 01:26:01,120
yeah so that's the more common

2248
01:26:04,470 --> 01:26:02,639
shuttle tile that a lot of people tend

2249
01:26:07,189 --> 01:26:04,480
to know is back in the shuttle days and

2250
01:26:08,950 --> 01:26:07,199
that's the whole the white uh silica

2251
01:26:13,030 --> 01:26:08,960
blocks that you'll see

2252
01:26:14,950 --> 01:26:13,040
um and they can typically be recycled

2253
01:26:17,910 --> 01:26:14,960
multiple times the only time that it

2254
01:26:19,830 --> 01:26:17,920
really gets has to be

2255
01:26:21,830 --> 01:26:19,840
replaced is when there's any damage from

2256
01:26:23,270 --> 01:26:21,840
asteroids and meteors or any just uh

2257
01:26:25,430 --> 01:26:23,280
particles that are in space that are

2258
01:26:28,470 --> 01:26:25,440
hard so what kind of material is this so

2259
01:26:30,470 --> 01:26:28,480
this is silica alumina

2260
01:26:31,910 --> 01:26:30,480
and borosilicate glass

2261
01:26:33,910 --> 01:26:31,920
and glass has such a high melting

2262
01:26:36,470 --> 01:26:33,920
temperature so it doesn't

2263
01:26:38,070 --> 01:26:36,480
deform when in the higher re-entry

2264
01:26:40,070 --> 01:26:38,080
atmosphere temperatures

2265
01:26:42,629 --> 01:26:40,080
and it's actually super lightweight

2266
01:26:44,550 --> 01:26:42,639
because air is actually a

2267
01:26:45,430 --> 01:26:44,560
poor conductor of heat

2268
01:26:48,629 --> 01:26:45,440
so

2269
01:26:50,310 --> 01:26:48,639
with a lot of air in the material the

2270
01:26:52,629 --> 01:26:50,320
heat transfer doesn't want to go through

2271
01:26:54,550 --> 01:26:52,639
it as fast as like metal metal conducts

2272
01:26:56,550 --> 01:26:54,560
heat very quickly yeah

2273
01:26:58,470 --> 01:26:56,560
right you can get the metal to heat very

2274
01:27:00,390 --> 01:26:58,480
quickly exactly yeah so unlike the

2275
01:27:01,830 --> 01:27:00,400
polymers which like i said decompose at

2276
01:27:03,669 --> 01:27:01,840
high temperatures and we start you can

2277
01:27:05,590 --> 01:27:03,679
actually see the layer start to recede

2278
01:27:07,590 --> 01:27:05,600
over time these

2279
01:27:09,110 --> 01:27:07,600
won't do that so you'll be able to use

2280
01:27:10,390 --> 01:27:09,120
them like putting them on like we used

2281
01:27:12,550 --> 01:27:10,400
to have them on the spatial and we can

2282
01:27:14,550 --> 01:27:12,560
use that re that spatial we can reuse it

2283
01:27:16,550 --> 01:27:14,560
several times before we need to replace

2284
01:27:18,310 --> 01:27:16,560
them and so that helps with costs and

2285
01:27:19,110 --> 01:27:18,320
and it has some performance benefits as

2286
01:27:20,950 --> 01:27:19,120
well

2287
01:27:22,870 --> 01:27:20,960
so how do you guys do this research with

2288
01:27:23,910 --> 01:27:22,880
the materials and find out more about

2289
01:27:26,870 --> 01:27:23,920
them

2290
01:27:29,030 --> 01:27:26,880
uh so my side of it i do a lot of the

2291
01:27:29,830 --> 01:27:29,040
physical testing of the material so we

2292
01:27:31,669 --> 01:27:29,840
can

2293
01:27:34,470 --> 01:27:31,679
um we have what's called the arc jet

2294
01:27:37,270 --> 01:27:34,480
which is a plasma gun that shoots up to

2295
01:27:39,750 --> 01:27:37,280
3000 f

2296
01:27:43,110 --> 01:27:39,760
if not more if not more yeah you should

2297
01:27:44,830 --> 01:27:43,120
know that right very high temperatures

2298
01:27:47,030 --> 01:27:44,840
yes

2299
01:27:48,950 --> 01:27:47,040
um simulation

2300
01:27:51,189 --> 01:27:48,960
heat right yeah so we can stick these

2301
01:27:53,030 --> 01:27:51,199
materials in that plasma gun it shoots

2302
01:27:55,350 --> 01:27:53,040
it we'll take a look at it afterwards

2303
01:27:56,709 --> 01:27:55,360
see what it how it deforms from

2304
01:27:58,790 --> 01:27:56,719
different temperatures we can even

2305
01:28:00,629 --> 01:27:58,800
increase the pressure there

2306
01:28:03,270 --> 01:28:00,639
and do different or even lower pressures

2307
01:28:05,030 --> 01:28:03,280
to kind of re-simulate the low

2308
01:28:06,629 --> 01:28:05,040
atmospheric pressure in space yeah

2309
01:28:09,189 --> 01:28:06,639
unfortunately we can't just send stuff

2310
01:28:10,550 --> 01:28:09,199
to space and bring it back

2311
01:28:12,070 --> 01:28:10,560
that's the best that we can do to try to

2312
01:28:13,910 --> 01:28:12,080
replicate that environment on earth

2313
01:28:15,990 --> 01:28:13,920
right another thing we do so what i work

2314
01:28:18,229 --> 01:28:16,000
on i do computational modeling of these

2315
01:28:19,990 --> 01:28:18,239
materials at different length skills and

2316
01:28:21,590 --> 01:28:20,000
the benefit of using computational tools

2317
01:28:23,430 --> 01:28:21,600
is we can do that a little more cheaply

2318
01:28:25,990 --> 01:28:23,440
on the computer than we could a test and

2319
01:28:27,910 --> 01:28:26,000
an arc test can be very expensive so we

2320
01:28:29,830 --> 01:28:27,920
can do some screening of materials ahead

2321
01:28:31,830 --> 01:28:29,840
of time in computer simulations and

2322
01:28:33,430 --> 01:28:31,840
understand how that material behaves in

2323
01:28:35,189 --> 01:28:33,440
these environments as well

2324
01:28:36,709 --> 01:28:35,199
and that's much safer and cheaper than

2325
01:28:39,350 --> 01:28:36,719
the experiments would be

2326
01:28:41,350 --> 01:28:39,360
um you might start there and then yeah

2327
01:28:43,350 --> 01:28:41,360
exactly and we work very closely

2328
01:28:45,030 --> 01:28:43,360
together so we'll simulate things and

2329
01:28:46,950 --> 01:28:45,040
they'll test them and we'll compare and

2330
01:28:48,709 --> 01:28:46,960
and it'll help iterate the process of

2331
01:28:50,470 --> 01:28:48,719
testing and designing new materials and

2332
01:28:52,709 --> 01:28:50,480
testing old materials and understanding

2333
01:28:53,990 --> 01:28:52,719
what environments they'll work in

2334
01:28:56,709 --> 01:28:54,000
because you would use a different kind

2335
01:28:57,590 --> 01:28:56,719
of material for a different kind of

2336
01:28:58,470 --> 01:28:57,600
that's right

2337
01:29:00,470 --> 01:28:58,480
these are

2338
01:29:02,070 --> 01:29:00,480
the same kind of heat shields

2339
01:29:03,669 --> 01:29:02,080
exactly yeah they they all have a

2340
01:29:05,030 --> 01:29:03,679
special purpose so depending on what the

2341
01:29:06,950 --> 01:29:05,040
mission is we'll pick the right heat

2342
01:29:08,629 --> 01:29:06,960
shield is because we want to minimize

2343
01:29:10,229 --> 01:29:08,639
mass so we'll pick the right heat shield

2344
01:29:11,910 --> 01:29:10,239
that'll get the job done but not

2345
01:29:13,669 --> 01:29:11,920
something that's too much that way we

2346
01:29:16,149 --> 01:29:13,679
can keep the mass low and then even like

2347
01:29:16,950 --> 01:29:16,159
under tiles there are like

2348
01:29:19,270 --> 01:29:16,960
a

2349
01:29:21,430 --> 01:29:19,280
bunch of different types of shuttle

2350
01:29:23,510 --> 01:29:21,440
tiles that could be more useful on

2351
01:29:25,750 --> 01:29:23,520
certain parts of the ship

2352
01:29:27,350 --> 01:29:25,760
versus some other part of tiles so that

2353
01:29:28,550 --> 01:29:27,360
i even in there i have two different

2354
01:29:30,470 --> 01:29:28,560
tiles that

2355
01:29:32,149 --> 01:29:30,480
one was processed slightly differently

2356
01:29:34,149 --> 01:29:32,159
and they have different properties for

2357
01:29:36,310 --> 01:29:34,159
it so being able to test it and know

2358
01:29:38,070 --> 01:29:36,320
where exactly should go on the ship or

2359
01:29:40,550 --> 01:29:38,080
what type of mission it should go into

2360
01:29:42,149 --> 01:29:40,560
is is really key can i ask you some

2361
01:29:45,990 --> 01:29:42,159
questions quickly from the chat while

2362
01:29:48,870 --> 01:29:46,000
yeah i'm backing there uh la la 147 says

2363
01:29:51,750 --> 01:29:48,880
that's awesome i love your work um how

2364
01:29:53,910 --> 01:29:51,760
third asks are there any ceramics inside

2365
01:29:56,709 --> 01:29:53,920
the spacecraft

2366
01:29:58,310 --> 01:29:56,719
not that i deal with okay do the outside

2367
01:30:00,790 --> 01:29:58,320
of the spacecraft we have all sorts of

2368
01:30:02,149 --> 01:30:00,800
materials in space and you know ceramics

2369
01:30:03,830 --> 01:30:02,159
are really great in high temperatures so

2370
01:30:05,590 --> 01:30:03,840
we see those a lot in environments we're

2371
01:30:06,950 --> 01:30:05,600
expecting to get up to high temperatures

2372
01:30:08,550 --> 01:30:06,960
because they won't melt at these high

2373
01:30:10,310 --> 01:30:08,560
temperatures and ceramics are also

2374
01:30:12,550 --> 01:30:10,320
they're everywhere so a lot of people

2375
01:30:14,070 --> 01:30:12,560
don't know what ceramics kind of entail

2376
01:30:15,990 --> 01:30:14,080
but like they're in your car engine

2377
01:30:17,910 --> 01:30:16,000
actually so you have like the metal

2378
01:30:19,590 --> 01:30:17,920
engine but like the oxygen two sensor

2379
01:30:22,950 --> 01:30:19,600
that is a ceramic material that gets

2380
01:30:24,550 --> 01:30:22,960
used um glass gets used it's a ceramic

2381
01:30:26,310 --> 01:30:24,560
um yeah so there could be plenty of

2382
01:30:28,149 --> 01:30:26,320
everything a lot of electronics

2383
01:30:30,149 --> 01:30:28,159
semiconductors so there's definitely

2384
01:30:31,189 --> 01:30:30,159
storms inside the shuttle i just don't

2385
01:30:32,629 --> 01:30:31,199
do that

2386
01:30:33,990 --> 01:30:32,639
yeah so one other thing we do so

2387
01:30:35,750 --> 01:30:34,000
sometimes in high temperatures you just

2388
01:30:37,350 --> 01:30:35,760
need to coat a material you just add a

2389
01:30:38,470 --> 01:30:37,360
coating on top of some kind of material

2390
01:30:40,310 --> 01:30:38,480
that can withstand the high temperatures

2391
01:30:42,390 --> 01:30:40,320
to protect the material underneath so

2392
01:30:44,390 --> 01:30:42,400
this is an example of a of a material

2393
01:30:46,709 --> 01:30:44,400
that has a coating on top that has some

2394
01:30:48,790 --> 01:30:46,719
kind of protective properties to it oh

2395
01:30:50,709 --> 01:30:48,800
yeah and so it also kind of helps um

2396
01:30:52,470 --> 01:30:50,719
create a tougher so these guys they're

2397
01:30:53,750 --> 01:30:52,480
very lightweight they're low density

2398
01:30:57,430 --> 01:30:53,760
they're kind of

2399
01:30:59,430 --> 01:30:57,440
um susceptible to compression um and so

2400
01:31:02,149 --> 01:30:59,440
that glass coating on top of it can also

2401
01:31:04,629 --> 01:31:02,159
help kind of dissipate any sort of uh

2402
01:31:06,229 --> 01:31:04,639
energy coming across

2403
01:31:07,910 --> 01:31:06,239
compressive right yeah so i think we

2404
01:31:09,430 --> 01:31:07,920
have a great movie to show this so so i

2405
01:31:11,030 --> 01:31:09,440
said that we do simulations one of the

2406
01:31:12,550 --> 01:31:11,040
simulations that we do is all the way

2407
01:31:15,110 --> 01:31:12,560
down to the atomistic scale so looking

2408
01:31:17,430 --> 01:31:15,120
at atoms individually in these materials

2409
01:31:19,590 --> 01:31:17,440
okay at the nano scale and if you roll

2410
01:31:20,709 --> 01:31:19,600
the video like a video of explain what's

2411
01:31:22,950 --> 01:31:20,719
going on

2412
01:31:25,510 --> 01:31:22,960
simulation so this is it will be you'll

2413
01:31:27,270 --> 01:31:25,520
see a microstructure uh once it comes up

2414
01:31:29,030 --> 01:31:27,280
a microstructure of a material and so

2415
01:31:30,709 --> 01:31:29,040
the microstructure is made up of what

2416
01:31:32,229 --> 01:31:30,719
are called grains and these are crystal

2417
01:31:33,189 --> 01:31:32,239
lights that are oriented in different

2418
01:31:34,390 --> 01:31:33,199
ways

2419
01:31:36,790 --> 01:31:34,400
i think we're at the end of the movie

2420
01:31:38,229 --> 01:31:36,800
can we maybe let's start yeah

2421
01:31:40,310 --> 01:31:38,239
so these are all the different grains so

2422
01:31:42,470 --> 01:31:40,320
the blue regions are are very well

2423
01:31:44,390 --> 01:31:42,480
ordered crystals and then the gray is

2424
01:31:46,229 --> 01:31:44,400
the boundaries between these grains and

2425
01:31:48,629 --> 01:31:46,239
in the simulations these are now 16

2426
01:31:50,629 --> 01:31:48,639
million atoms it's about 60 nanometers

2427
01:31:51,830 --> 01:31:50,639
in scale so you can see as we pull this

2428
01:31:53,669 --> 01:31:51,840
material apart we can start to

2429
01:31:55,669 --> 01:31:53,679
understand how that material fails at

2430
01:31:57,990 --> 01:31:55,679
the atomistic scale so you can see that

2431
01:31:59,430 --> 01:31:58,000
it starts to crack between these on

2432
01:32:01,110 --> 01:31:59,440
these grain boundaries between the

2433
01:32:02,550 --> 01:32:01,120
grains and so now we can start to

2434
01:32:04,950 --> 01:32:02,560
understand the failure mechanisms of

2435
01:32:07,110 --> 01:32:04,960
these materials yeah and by doing that

2436
01:32:09,030 --> 01:32:07,120
we can hopefully improve them and and

2437
01:32:10,870 --> 01:32:09,040
find out when we can use them and when

2438
01:32:12,790 --> 01:32:10,880
we can't and how we can make materials

2439
01:32:16,390 --> 01:32:12,800
that do better okay so cool that's

2440
01:32:21,110 --> 01:32:18,950
multiple times already so neat yeah

2441
01:32:23,110 --> 01:32:21,120
simulations are awesome so yeah

2442
01:32:24,709 --> 01:32:23,120
yeah absolutely and we do a lot of them

2443
01:32:26,310 --> 01:32:24,719
here at nasa don't you nasa likes to use

2444
01:32:27,590 --> 01:32:26,320
a lot of models like like i mentioned

2445
01:32:29,030 --> 01:32:27,600
already right it's really expensive to

2446
01:32:30,790 --> 01:32:29,040
do some of the tests that we do and it's

2447
01:32:32,070 --> 01:32:30,800
not easy to just test things in space

2448
01:32:33,830 --> 01:32:32,080
right so the more we can do things like

2449
01:32:35,430 --> 01:32:33,840
computers the better and computers are

2450
01:32:37,510 --> 01:32:35,440
getting so fast we actually have a super

2451
01:32:39,350 --> 01:32:37,520
computer here at ames

2452
01:32:41,830 --> 01:32:39,360
so that lets us run very large

2453
01:32:42,950 --> 01:32:41,840
simulations like 16 million atoms right

2454
01:32:50,070 --> 01:32:42,960
yeah

2455
01:32:51,430 --> 01:32:50,080
you go and

2456
01:32:53,350 --> 01:32:51,440
before you go

2457
01:32:56,149 --> 01:32:53,360
do you have any advice for us on how we

2458
01:32:58,070 --> 01:32:56,159
can recreate your costumes

2459
01:33:00,629 --> 01:32:58,080
well for me i'm wearing some pretty

2460
01:33:02,070 --> 01:33:00,639
cushy pants i feel like i'm in a cloud

2461
01:33:03,110 --> 01:33:02,080
or a pillow

2462
01:33:05,669 --> 01:33:03,120
and

2463
01:33:07,270 --> 01:33:05,679
you can use like this boxy thing to help

2464
01:33:09,189 --> 01:33:07,280
get your little switches which don't

2465
01:33:10,950 --> 01:33:09,199
work on mine but that's okay they have

2466
01:33:12,149 --> 01:33:10,960
to work i mean they've yeah yeah they

2467
01:33:13,590 --> 01:33:12,159
give them a little

2468
01:33:15,270 --> 01:33:13,600
if you're really engineering you can

2469
01:33:17,910 --> 01:33:15,280
like hook these things up to some light

2470
01:33:19,510 --> 01:33:17,920
bulbs yeah

2471
01:33:24,790 --> 01:33:19,520
i feel like you can get a backpack and

2472
01:33:29,110 --> 01:33:26,629
like a bicycle helmet yeah like a

2473
01:33:31,030 --> 01:33:29,120
motorcycle helmet fish tank

2474
01:33:32,470 --> 01:33:31,040
yeah those things absolutely creative

2475
01:33:33,990 --> 01:33:32,480
about it yeah yeah

2476
01:33:35,350 --> 01:33:34,000
your lovely outfit i mean mine's a

2477
01:33:36,950 --> 01:33:35,360
little easier we've already seen a few

2478
01:33:38,709 --> 01:33:36,960
of these types of outfits like a nice

2479
01:33:40,229 --> 01:33:38,719
coverall suit something you can pick up

2480
01:33:42,870 --> 01:33:40,239
at a local hardware store or something

2481
01:33:44,390 --> 01:33:42,880
like that yeah maybe paint yeah print

2482
01:33:46,229 --> 01:33:44,400
out some nasa

2483
01:33:47,910 --> 01:33:46,239
uh logos maybe you know get the red

2484
01:33:49,430 --> 01:33:47,920
white and blue in there and slap them on

2485
01:33:52,709 --> 01:33:49,440
put your name on it all that kind of

2486
01:33:55,110 --> 01:33:52,719
stuff yeah represent nasa yeah awesome

2487
01:33:56,709 --> 01:33:55,120
we can manage that excellent tips thank

2488
01:33:59,510 --> 01:33:56,719
you thanks for hanging out with all of

2489
01:34:01,510 --> 01:33:59,520
these yeah examples to show us yeah i've

2490
01:34:08,550 --> 01:34:01,520
heard about heat shields you guys said

2491
01:34:14,149 --> 01:34:11,750
yeah we'll see you in just a moment

2492
01:34:16,310 --> 01:34:14,159
because it's already time to vote on our

2493
01:34:17,830 --> 01:34:16,320
second segment yes do you know who you'd

2494
01:34:19,830 --> 01:34:17,840
vote for have you voted tiffany you get

2495
01:34:22,149 --> 01:34:19,840
to vote too so i know who i want to vote

2496
01:34:24,470 --> 01:34:22,159
for but i'm going to keep it a secret

2497
01:34:26,709 --> 01:34:24,480
you don't you don't want to buy it in

2498
01:34:28,950 --> 01:34:26,719
anybody out there no influences in the

2499
01:34:30,390 --> 01:34:28,960
chat you know so and did you get some

2500
01:34:31,750 --> 01:34:30,400
more ideas

2501
01:34:33,510 --> 01:34:31,760
they did definitely so this has been

2502
01:34:36,629 --> 01:34:33,520
really good because i i was not prepared

2503
01:34:38,950 --> 01:34:36,639
for halloween no i never am so

2504
01:34:40,550 --> 01:34:38,960
i look forward to this show yeah giving

2505
01:34:44,629 --> 01:34:40,560
me ideas

2506
01:34:46,950 --> 01:34:44,639
all right are you guys all ready to vote

2507
01:34:49,270 --> 01:34:46,960
all right time to vote for your favorite

2508
01:34:51,430 --> 01:34:49,280
cosplay costume we're going to bring all

2509
01:34:52,950 --> 01:34:51,440
of our guests back out and you can vote

2510
01:34:56,790 --> 01:34:52,960
in the chat for your favorite look all

2511
01:35:00,550 --> 01:34:56,800
right so first up will it be

2512
01:35:04,709 --> 01:35:00,560
kimberly as the astrophysicist

2513
01:35:10,310 --> 01:35:07,350
she does it so well she was born to be

2514
01:35:15,350 --> 01:35:11,830
love it

2515
01:35:18,070 --> 01:35:15,360
yes or will it be sumeda and emily as

2516
01:35:19,270 --> 01:35:18,080
nasa's starfleet command

2517
01:35:22,229 --> 01:35:19,280
hello

2518
01:35:26,629 --> 01:35:22,239
live long and prosper indeed yeah

2519
01:35:29,430 --> 01:35:26,639
looking good next is daisy as artemis

2520
01:35:31,350 --> 01:35:29,440
hello

2521
01:35:34,330 --> 01:35:31,360
and here is one more look at lauren and

2522
01:35:38,070 --> 01:35:34,340
nicole as the first all-woman spacewalk

2523
01:35:39,669 --> 01:35:38,080
[Music]

2524
01:35:41,350 --> 01:35:39,679
yeah

2525
01:35:46,470 --> 01:35:41,360
oh they're all so good

2526
01:35:48,950 --> 01:35:46,480
i don't know so get your tickets in yeah

2527
01:35:50,709 --> 01:35:48,960
now is the time to vote

2528
01:35:52,550 --> 01:35:50,719
we are tallying

2529
01:35:54,310 --> 01:35:52,560
your hearts in the chat get your last

2530
01:35:55,990 --> 01:35:54,320
poses in

2531
01:35:57,669 --> 01:35:56,000
right because your votes are coming a

2532
01:36:05,590 --> 01:35:57,679
chance

2533
01:36:07,590 --> 01:36:05,600
enjoy your moon show us your model

2534
01:36:08,629 --> 01:36:07,600
all right

2535
01:36:10,550 --> 01:36:08,639
ready

2536
01:36:13,990 --> 01:36:10,560
it's a clue it's a close one that's why

2537
01:36:16,629 --> 01:36:14,000
this is tough all right the i've got the

2538
01:36:18,310 --> 01:36:16,639
answer our winner is

2539
01:36:21,669 --> 01:36:18,320
darth kimberly

2540
01:36:26,310 --> 01:36:24,510
yes

2541
01:36:29,270 --> 01:36:26,320
[Music]

2542
01:36:31,189 --> 01:36:29,280
that's so clever i'm stealing that idea

2543
01:36:34,229 --> 01:36:31,199
yes that's for sure yeah

2544
01:36:35,590 --> 01:36:34,239
but you all look fabulous yeah thank you

2545
01:36:37,590 --> 01:36:35,600
for sharing your research with us and

2546
01:36:39,189 --> 01:36:37,600
your costume ideas this has been awesome

2547
01:36:42,709 --> 01:36:39,199
yeah

2548
01:36:48,310 --> 01:36:44,790
so we'll see you guys soon